Hurricane Nicole

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hurricane Nicole
Category 4 hurricane ( SSHWS )
Hurricane Nicole is developing south of Bermuda on October 12th
Hurricane Nicole is developing south of Bermuda on October 12th
Emergence 4th October 2016
resolution 20th October 2016
Peak wind
speed
150  mph (240  km / h ) (sustained for 1 minute)
Lowest air pressure 950  mbar ( hPa ; 28.1  inHg )
dead 1
Property damage Unknown
Affected
areas 		Bermuda , North Atlantic coastline
Season overview:
Atlantic hurricane season 2016

Hurricane Nicole was the first major hurricane to have direct impact or land contact on Bermuda since Hurricane Fabian in 2003. It was the 14th named storm, the sixth hurricane and the third major hurricane in the active 2016 Atlantic hurricane season . Nicole was born in the mid-Atlantic on October 4th. The small, slowly moving storm developed steadily despite strong wind shear and quickly intensified into a Category 2 hurricane on October 7th. Due to the wind shear, the strength of the storm reduced to a small tropical storm on October 8th. Nicole intensified when he retreated to Bermuda and achieved Category 4 status. The eye of the storm finally reached Bermuda on October 13 as a Category 3 hurricane. As a result of the storm, schools, businesses and the offices of public administration and government had to be closed. In addition, all flight, bus and ferry connections were interrupted. The storm was the third longest-lived storm of the 2010s, after Hurricane Philippe in 2011 and Hurricane Nadine in 2012.

Storm course

Past train track

On October 1, 2016, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) began recording a weak tropical wave in the Central Atlantic, which caused isolated thunderstorms and wind strengths of a small tropical storm due to a low pressure area. Strong wind shear prevented any further significant organization of the system as it moved north-west over the next few days. On October 4, satellite data confirmed the presence of well-organized circulation in the center and strong storm winds. Around this time, the thunderstorm activity increased and organized better. As a result, the NHC classified the system as Tropical Storm Nicole at 15:00 UTC . At that time, the system was located approximately 845 km northeast of San Juan , Puerto Rico . The storm was expected to remain weak as wind shear continued to restrain it.

Nicole's cloud pattern gradually improved on October 5th. Despite poor convection , a storm eye could unusually form in this small cyclone. The storm continued its north-westerly path around the subtropical front and continued north. Nicole gradually intensified and became increasingly symmetrical in appearance until the storm hit Category 1 at 6 p.m. on October 6, 555 km south of Bermuda . After a series of strong intensifications, Nicole reached its peak on October 7th with wind speeds of up to 165 km / h (105 mph) and a minimum pressure of 968 mbar . At the same time, a small eye inside the storm became visible on satellite images. In view of strong wind shear due to air currents from the strong Hurricane Matthew to the southwest side of Hurricane Nicole, there was further, unexpected intensification of the storm. An approaching trough slowed the speed at which Nicole was moving to near a standstill.

Tropical storm Nicole on October 6th

By early October 7th, the hurricane felt the effects of the strong wind shear and quickly weakened into a tropical storm. A new high pressure area arose in the north, which Nicole slowly pushed south while the storm pattern deteriorated. On the morning of October 8th, the storm center had moved to the north of a weak convection and further weakened into a small tropical storm. During the day, unusually warm surface water temperatures caused the storm to develop again strongly. That the storm was able to survive despite wind shear with up to 85 km / h from the north is a mystery for the meteorologists. Nicole slowed down until the regression of the high pressure area allowed Nicole to return to heading north. The storm remained unorganized for the next few days until the eye reformed on October 11th. Nicole reached the strength of a Category 1 hurricane on October 11th at 6 p.m. UTC and continued to develop.

After moving imprecisely west for some time, the hurricane swung north and accelerated north-east. As Nicole approached Bermuda, the storm showed a highly symmetrical cloud image that surrounded a well-trained eye. The storm received another phase of strong intensification and reached the highest level for the time being as a Category 4 hurricane with wind speeds of up to 215 km / h (130 mph) and a pressure of 950 mbar. Nicole maintained her strength for nine hours before southwest wind shears weakened the storm. At 3 p.m. UTC on October 13, the eye of the storm hit Bermuda directly. After the storm hit the island, the core lost its structure and, according to satellite images, the eye tilted towards the southwest. On October 14th at 9 a.m. UTC, a southwest wind shear reduced the strength of the hurricane to a level 1 hurricane. The swell from Hurricane Nicole affected Bermuda and parts of the coast of the United States. In the early morning of October 15, Nicole weakened to a tropical storm again, only to intensify into a hurricane 12 hours later. Nicole is therefore the first storm since Hurricane Tomas in 2010 that has become a hurricane three times in the course of this. On October 18, Nicole ended her journey through the Atlantic Ocean as an extra-tropical cyclone.

Preparations and implications

Bermuda

Hurricane Nicole over Bermuda on October 13th

On October 10, while the storm was still 670 km south of Bermuda, the "Bermuda Weather Service" issued storm warnings for the islands of Bermuda. The storm warnings were replaced by hurricane warnings after the storm intensified again. Residents covered their homes and businesses with boards and placed sandbags to minimize the effects of a flood. Small boats were removed from the coast and safely stored, while larger ships that remained in the water were specially secured. Schools and administrations were closed for the duration of the storm. Ferry and bus connections were suspended from October 12th. Flights to and from LF Wade International Airport were also canceled. Because of the threat from the storm, three cruise ships did not call Bermuda.

140 Royal Bermuda Regiment soldiers were deployed at strategic points to assist with the aftermath of the storm. State accommodation for storm victims with food and emergency medical care was set up at the Cedarbridge Academy. Bermuda's only daily newspaper, The Royal Gazette, did not print any copies on October 13th. As adverse weather conditions were feared at a NASA missile observation site in Bermuda, the launch of a supply rocket for the International Space Station from Virginia's Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport was postponed. This launch has already been postponed due to the effects of Hurricane Matthew

Later, on October 11th, stormy winds caused a brief blackout. When the core of the storm reached Bermuda, a weather station on “Pearl Island” measured winds of 141 km / h to 191 km / h. An elevated station on "Commissioner's Point" recorded slightly higher winds. Nicole was accompanied by rains exceeding 113mm per hour.

Map of the surface temperature anomalies en route to Hurricane Nicole

The strong winds overturned trees and power poles, leaving 27,341 households without electricity, which was 90% of customers in the territory. The supply was mostly restored in a few days afterwards. Shortly afterwards the power supply collapsed again. The reason for this was salt deposits that disrupted the distribution network. The terminal roof of the "LF Wade International Airport" was partially covered by the storm and rainwater seeped into the interior of the building. Agriculture was hit hard by this storm. Nicole destroyed fields with fruits and other vegetarian plants in different growth phases. At least one farmer lost his entire stock of young plants as a result of the storm. Dozens of boats, some up to 24 m in length, were torn from their berths and damaged or sank aground. Low streets and buildings were flooded, and roofs were damaged in some houses. But the hurricane did less damage than the predictions feared. No fatalities or serious injuries were reported. Only seven people received medical care for minor, weather-related injuries. An unusually high number of wood warblers were discovered in Bermuda after Hurricane Nicole as they sought shelter during their migration.

Atlantic coastline

Only Bermuda was directly affected by the effects of Hurricane Nicole. Over a longer period of time, increased swell spread throughout the North Atlantic. A surfer disappeared in Puerto Rico due to the heavy swell. Hundreds of young sea turtles were washed ashore on the Florida coastline ; an estimated 575 of them were rescued. The coast in South Florida was flooded. The water levels in Virginia Key and Miami rose 0.3 meters more than forecasts. Coastal roads in Fort Lauderdale sank under the waves. Two teenagers were dragged out to sea in Rodanthe, North Carolina . One of the two managed to swim ashore while the other drowned. The United States Coast Guard helped find the boy's body 2 days later on the beach. Between 20 and 30 people need help in rescuing so-called surf back currents in this area.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Robbie Berg: TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK. nhc.noaa.gov, October 1, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  2. ↑ Richard Pasch: TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK. nhc.noaa.gov, October 4, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  3. ^ Richard Pasch: Tropical Storm NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 4, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  4. ^ Richard Pasch: Tropical Storm NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 4, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  5. ^ Richard Pasch: Tropical Storm NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 5, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  6. ^ Robbie Berg: Tropical Storm NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 5, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  7. ^ John Cangialosi: Tropical Storm NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 5, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  8. ↑ Richard Pasch: Hurricane NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 6, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  9. ↑ Eric Blake: Hurricane NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 6, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  10. ↑ Todd Kimberlain: Hurricane NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 6, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  11. ^ John Cangialosi: Tropical Storm NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 6, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  12. ↑ Eric Blake: Hurricane NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 6, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  13. ^ Todd Kimberlain: Tropical Storm NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 7, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  14. ^ Todd Kimberlain: Tropical Storm NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 7, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  15. ^ Todd Kimberlain: Tropical Storm NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 8, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  16. ^ Todd Kimberlain: Tropical Storm NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 8, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  17. ^ Robbie Berg: Tropical Storm NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 8, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  18. ^ Todd Kimberlain: Tropical Storm NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 9, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  19. ↑ Jack Beven: Tropical Storm NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 9, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  20. ^ Daniel Brown: Tropical Storm NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 11, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  21. ^ A b Daniel Brown: Hurricane NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 11, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  22. ↑ Daniel Brown: Hurricane NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 12, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  23. ↑ Michael Brennan: Hurricane NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 12, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  24. ^ Daniel Brown, Robbie Berg: Hurricane NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 13, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  25. ^ A b Daniel Brown: Hurricane NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 13, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  26. ^ A b Daniel Brown, Robbie Berg: Hurricane NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 13, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  27. ↑ Avila Lixion: Hurricane NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 14, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  28. ^ Bob Henson: Twin Typhoons in Philippines; Nicole of the North; Hundred-Degree Heat in Plains. wunderground.com, October 17, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  29. ^ Todd Kimberlain: Tropical Storm NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 10, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  30. ^ Lixion Avila: Tropical Storm NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 11, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  31. ↑ Guy Cabral, Lisa Simpson: Nicole: what you need to know . In: The Royal Gazette . October 13, 2016 (English, royalgazette.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  32. ↑ Nicole brings widespread disruption . In: The Royal Gazette . October 11, 2016 (English, royalgazette.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  33. ↑ Iceland braced for direct hit . In: The Royal Gazette . October 12, 2016 (English, royalgazette.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  34. ^ Hurricane Watch in Effect for Nicole . In: The Royal Gazette . October 10, 2016 (English, royalgazette.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  35. ^ A b Nicole live: storm moves on, Causeway shut . In: The Royal Gazette . October 13, 2016 (English, royalgazette.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  36. ↑ Photos: Shelter Opens At CedarBridge Academy . In: Bernews.com . October 12, 2016 (English, bernews.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  37. ↑ No Royal Gazette on Thursday . In: The Royal Gazette . October 12, 2016 (English, royalgazette.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  38. ↑ Karen Northon: Atlantic Storm System Delays NASA resupply Launch to Space Station . In: NASA . October 11, 2016 (English, nasa.gov [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  39. ↑ Belco reports first storm-related outage . In: The Royal Gazette . October 11, 2016 (English, royalgazette.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  40. ^ Daniel Brown, Robbie Berg: Hurricane NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 13, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  41. ↑ GPM satellite sees Hurricane Nicole moving over cold North Atlantic. phys.org, October 17, 2016, accessed December 4, 2016 .
  42. ↑ Photos: The Aftermath Of Hurricane Nicole - Bernews.com . In: Bernews.com . October 13, 2016 (English, bernews.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  43. ^ Salt build-up causing electrical outages . In: The Royal Gazette . October 20, 2016 (English, royalgazette.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  44. ↑ Airport rain leaks 'amplified' by Nicole . In: The Royal Gazette . October 22, 2016 (English, royalgazette.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  45. ^ Farmers count the cost of hurricane damage . In: The Royal Gazette . October 22, 2016 (English, royalgazette.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  46. ^ Dozens of boats damaged or sunk . In: The Royal Gazette . October 18, 2016 (English, royalgazette.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  47. ↑ Seven suffer minor injuries from Nicole . In: The Royal Gazette . October 14, 2016 (English, royalgazette.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  48. ↑ Blackpoll Warblers check in for a stopover . In: The Royal Gazette . October 21, 2016 (English, royalgazette.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  49. ↑ Stacy Stewart: Hurricane NICOLE. nhc.noaa.gov, October 16, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  50. ↑ Bihu Ray: Bermuda braces for extremely dangerous hurricane Nicole . In: International Business Times, Singapore Edition . October 13, 2016 (English, ibtimes.sg [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  51. ↑ Hurricane Nicole pushes sea turtles back to Florida beaches . In: Naples Daily News . October 17, 2016 (English, naplesnews.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  52. ↑ King tides arriving in South Florida with an extra swell from Hurricane Nicole . In: Miami Herald . October 12, 2016 (English, miamiherald.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  53. ↑ Jess Swanson: Hurricane Nicole and King Tide Already Flooding Fort Lauderdale . In: New Times Broward-Palm Beach . October 14, 2016 (English, browardpalmbeach.com [accessed November 30, 2016]).
  54. ↑ Irene Nolan: Teen swimmer missing off Rodanthe beach. islandfreepress.org, October 13, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .
  55. ↑ Irene Nolan: UPDATE: Body of missing swimmer found near Avon pier. islandfreepress.org, October 17, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .