Hurricane Matthew

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Hurricane Matthew
Category 5 hurricane ( SSHWS )
Hurricane Matthew peaked in northern Colombia on October 1st
Hurricane Matthew peaked in northern Colombia on October 1st
Emergence September 28, 2016
resolution October 9, 2016
Peak wind
speed
160  mph (260  km / h ) (sustained for 1 minute)
Lowest air pressure 934  mbar ( hPa ; 27.6  inHg )
dead at least 1050
Property damage Unknown
Affected
areas 		Greater Antilles , Lesser Antilles , Venezuela , Colombia , Florida , Georgia , South Carolina
Season overview:
Atlantic hurricane season 2016

Hurricane Matthew was a very powerful tropical cyclone over the Caribbean Sea ; the hurricane was the first Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Felix in the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season to reach Category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale . The 14th tropical system is the thirteenth tropical storm, fifth hurricane and second major hurricane of the 2016 Atlantic hurricane season and formed from a strong tropical wave that broke off the coast of Africa on September 22nd and moved westward across the tropical Atlantic until the system was classified as a tropical storm on September 28 east of the Leeward Islands . Just one day later, the storm just west of the Antilles turned into a hurricane that rapidly intensified into a Category 5 hurricane. Southeast of Jamaica , the system turned onto a northern train track. The hurricane moved with sustained winds of up to 230 km / h over Haiti , Jamaica, Cuba and parts of the Dominican Republic and continues its way towards the Bahamas and the east coast of the United States .

Storm course

Past train track

On September 22nd, a tropical wave broke off the west coast of Africa and headed west out into the Atlantic Ocean. Two days later, the wave passed the Cape Verde Islands south and the National Hurricane Center (NHC) determined that the likelihood of tropical cyclogenesis was high. The environmental conditions favored a slow development and on September 25 th thunderstorm activity increased; these thunderstorms organized themselves increasingly better in the following days as they approached the Lesser Antilles . On September 27th, the tropical wave that Hurricane Hunters spotted on a reconnaissance flight generated sustained winds of 65 km / h; however, the system did not yet have a closed circulation and was therefore not yet qualified as a tropical storm. When the system was near Barbados , radar images in the Lesser Antilles showed that circulation was better organized. During a further reconnaissance flight on September 28th, closed circulation was found and therefore the NHC began issuing storm warnings for Tropical Storm Matthew at 15:00 UTC that day  . During this flight, wind speeds of 93 km / h were determined (based on sea level) and gusts reached hurricane strength at flight altitude .

As it developed into a tropical storm, Matthew moved further west , controlled by a strong high pressure ridge to the north, into an area with warm surface water temperatures and low wind shear ; therefore the weather models were expected to strengthen the system. The center passed between the islands of St. Lucia and St. Vincent and thus reached the Caribbean Sea. On September 29th, increasing wind shear exempted the circulation from convection activity. At 6:00 p.m. UTC that day, the Hurricane Hunters discovered that Matthew had reached hurricane force with a wind speed of 120 km / h. Later the convection over the center formed again and the thunderstorms further out organized into rain bands. Both the Hurricane Hunters and an SSMIS satellite pass found that an eye had formed early on September 30th . Despite the north-westerly wind shear, an explosive intensification set in , and the wind speed doubled from 130 km / h to 260 km / h within 24 hours. H. Matthew stepped up from Category 1 to Category 5 on the Saffi-Simpson Hurricane Scale within 24 hours. Matthew became a Category 5 hurricane at 13.3 ° North, making it the southernmost hurricane to reach this intensity in the Atlantic Basin (previously held by Hurricane Ivan ). The rare weather phenomenon of goblins was observed in Puerto Rico close to the peak intensity of the hurricane .

Hurricane Matthew on October 3rd as recorded by NASA on board the International Space Station

Early on October 1, the hurricane weakened slightly, with sustained wind speeds of 250 km / h to the upper end of Category 4; possibly a cyclical new eyewall formation had started as the size of the eye decreased. The constant wind speeds continued to decrease to 220 km / h, then the hurricane intensified again and reached wind speeds of 240 km / h at 21:00 UTC. By late October 1st, Matthew had become nearly stationary due to weak air currents; the hurricane then turned north and began moving faster on October 2nd. During this time the intensity of the hurricane fluctuated. At 11:00 a.m. UTC on October 4, Matthew landed near Les Anglais , Haiti with winds of 230 km / h, making it the first hurricane to hit Haiti in Category 4 since Hurricane Cleo in 1964. After crossing the Tiburon Peninsula and the Gulf of Gonâve as well as the Windward Passage , Hurricane Matthew hit the coast on October 4 at 00:00 UTC Jauco in Maisí in the extreme southeast of Cuba with wind speeds of 220 km / h.

After the hurricane passed over Cuba, it came across open water again as a Category 3 hurricane; The central air pressure had increased to 963 hPa due to the disturbance of the mountain. In the night of October 5th to 6th, a second rapid intensification set in, while the air pressure fell by 18 hPa to 944 hPa.

Preparations

Lesser Antilles and South America

Matthew near Colombia as a Category 3 hurricane on September 30th

On September 27, before Matthew was classified as a tropical storm, LIAT suspended its first flights between the Leeward Islands due to windy weather . Schools and shops were closed in Grenada on September 27th and 28th because of Matthews Passage, as were St. Vincent and St. Lucia; schooling in Dominica was suspended until October 3rd. The Hewanorra International Airport and the George FL Charles Airport in St. Lucia were closed on 28 September. Six emergency shelters were made available on the island; 133 people took advantage of this. When Matthews formed a tropical storm on Sept. 28, the Leeward Islands governments warned of the tropical storm.

The storm's unusually southerly migration route led to storm warnings being issued on September 28 for Aruba , Bonaire , Curaçao and the north coast of Colombia from the border with Venezuela to Riohacha . Because Matthew initially continued to follow a west-southwest train path, the advance warning in Colombia was converted into a full storm warning on September 30th. ABC Islands residents were advised to barricade their homes and replenish supplies, resulting in long lines in shops. The Curacao government postponed the election for the 2016 Curaçao Estates Assembly to October 5th. The Aruba government offices remained closed on September 30th. The Kingdom Tournament sporting event in Aruba has been canceled. Schools on Colombia's Guajira Peninsula were also closed that day and emergency shelters were set up.

Greater Antilles and Bahamas

Animation of Hurricane Matthew passing the Bahamas on October 6th

Because Matthew posed a significant threat to Jamaica , the civil protection authorities instructed fishermen on the islands belonging to Jamaica to move to safety on the main island. The following day, Prime Minister Andrew Holness alerted the administration to the hurricane. A hurricane warning was issued on September 30th, and this was expanded into a hurricane warning on October 1st. Authorities in Trelawny Parish activated 60 shelters on October 2nd. Supermarkets saw a rush of customers looking to replenish their supplies, with many reporting empty shelves and low stocks of bread, fuel and candles. Many residents barricaded their houses and secured their property with sandbags. One hundred female inmates were transferred from one prison in Saint Catherine Parish to another prison in Kingston . The tolls on Highway 2000 were lifted in the hours before the arrival Matthews. Air traffic at the two international airports, Norman Manley International Airport and Sangster International Airport, should cease on the night of October 2nd to October 3rd. The Jamaica Urban Transit Company scheduled to end their service at 6:00 p.m. local time. Jamaica Public Service informed its customers that the electricity grid would be shut down during the storm before conditions got too bad. Jamaica Defense Force soldiers were distributed across the country before the hurricane hit in order to be able to react more quickly to the consequences.

Although'd had predicted at that time that the hurricane on Jamaica away draw, the authorities gave advance warning to a tropical storm for the Tiburon Peninsula and the area to the border between Haiti and the Dominican Republic from. After the forecast track had shifted slightly to the east, a hurricane warning was issued for Haiti on October 1, specifically for the areas from Môle-Saint-Nicolas to the border with the Dominican Republic; six hours later this warning was expanded into a warning. That warning covered the entire country on the evening of October 2nd. On the morning of October 2, a tropical storm warning was issued for the south coast of the Dominican Republic between Barahona westwards to the Haitian border, and a storm warning for the north coast between Puerto Plata and the border with Haiti. Residents from the coast of offshore islands were evacuated to the main island. In the southwest of the Dominican Republic, at least 8,500 people had been evacuated by the morning of October 3. Lifelong heavy rainfall was predicted for Haiti, which could reach an average of 250 to 380 mm on the south coast and 1000 mm in individual cases. Radio France Internationale reported that Haiti will not be logistically able to cope with a large-scale natural disaster. In southern Haiti there are only 576 emergency shelters for a total of 90,000 people. According to the International Organization for Migration, 55,107  internally displaced persons remained in camps without adequate protection from the hurricane. The only choice left for the residents was to wait in safe places to see how severe the weather event would be and then fight the damage and consequences. Interim President Jocelerme Privert called on the population to take the warnings of the authorities seriously and seek shelter.

The Cuban Meteorological Service issued storm warnings for southeast Cuba on October 1 , including the provinces of Camagüey , Las Tunas , Granma , Holguín , Santiago de Cuba and Guantánamo . These warnings were upgraded to hurricane warnings on October 2 for all provinces except Camagüey. Non-essential personnel at the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base were flown to the United States, and on the same day Cuba began evacuating more than a million people, including 252,000 residents of Santiago de Cuba and 230,000 residents of Las Tunas. Cuba's President Raúl Castro warned on October 1 that Hurricane Matthew was "a hurricane to prepare for as if it were twice as strong as Sandy"; on the same day, President Castro traveled to Santiago to personally coordinate the preparations. Emergency shelters, food and water supplies were created. Based on many experiences with hurricanes, Cuba has built up a well-functioning civil protection system over the years. In Santiago de Cuba Province, which was heavily damaged by the passage of Hurricane Sandy in 2012 , 218 shelters were opened and authorities paid particular attention to Socapa, Caracoles, and Cayo Granma. Emergency workers and doctors have been deployed to the most vulnerable areas and supplies have been replenished.

The Bahamas government issued hurricane warnings for Turks and Caicos and the southwestern Bahamas on October 2 . The following day, flights between the southern islands were canceled and school lessons were suspended.

United States

National Hurricane Center Director Richard Knabb briefs the public on Matthew's projections and expected effects in the United States.

For Florida and South Carolina was on 3 October by the governors Rick Scott and Pat McCrory of emergency declared; at that time the center of the storm was over the Greater Antilles . Above all, the early declaration was intended to enable farmers to harvest the harvest as well as possible by overriding weight restrictions for trucks and working time restrictions. Nikki Haley , the governor of South Carolina, called on all residents living closer than 100 miles from the coast to evacuate a day later . The Interstate 26 eastbound direction was in South Carolina between the coast and Columbia closed and released in the opposite direction in order to escape traffic from the Lowcountry and from the region around Charleston easier. The evacuations of Cape Lookout National Seashore in North Carolina began that same day. On October 4th, Governor McCrory made evacuation compulsory in North Carolina. A state of emergency was also declared for 13 Georgia counties that day .

On October 5th, Port Canaveral was closed by the United States Coast Guard ; it was the first such closure since 2004. Eight cruise ships and four freighters had planned to call at the port between October 5th and 9th. No missiles or aircraft have been in a vulnerable position on Cape Canaveral and the next launch is scheduled for November 4th. The Kennedy Space Center began preparing facilities for the hurricane passage on October 5. Older buildings are designed to withstand winds of 170 to 200 km / h; Since the passage of Hurricane Andrew , all structures have been designed for 210 km / h. At Cape Canaveral Air Force Station , the 45th Space Wing of the United States Air Force began on October 4 to switch off the electricity supply to non-essential facilities.

On October 6, the theme parks closed for the seventh time in the history of Walt Disney World Resort and for the first time since Hurricane Charley (2004). Other Orlando theme parks have also closed, including Universal Studios and SeaWorld .

The on 8 October in Gainesville scheduled football game of the Southeastern Conference between the LSU Tigers and Florida Gators was canceled, and the NASCAR -race on the Charlotte Motor Speedway failed. The Drive for the Cure 300 scheduled for October 7th in the Xfinity Series and the Bank of America 500 scheduled for October 8th in the Sprint Cup Series have both been moved to October 9th.

On October 6, Florida Governor Rick Scott urged over 1.5 million people to get to safety. On the same day, Georgia's Governor Nathan Deal ordered mandatory evacuation for all areas east of Interstate 95 , and the Georgia Department of Public Safety temporarily cleared the eastbound lanes of Interstate 16 for the opposite direction on some sections in order to allow people to flee accelerate.

The residents of the endangered areas in the United States - the Atlantic coast of Florida, Georgia and South Carolina - stocked up on supplies and prepared themselves for the first time in ten years a hurricane would hit these states directly. South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley extended the evacuations to Horry on October 5 and to Georgetown a day later.

Effects

Fatalities by country
country Victim
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1
Colombia 1
Cuba 0
Dominican Republic 4th
Haiti about 1000
Bahamas 0
United States 33
total circa 1039

Lesser Antilles and South America

Heavy rainfall on St. Vincent led to landslides and floods. In Layou, a person was killed because a rock came off and killed them. In Buccament Bay, a river flooded its banks, forcing at least 25 people to seek shelter. The Hermitage River rose 1.1 meters in an hour, and the Central Water and Sewage Authority stopped deliveries of drinking water for safety reasons. Parts of Vermont, South Rivers, Kingstown, Campden Park, Arnos Vale and Langley Park were flooded. Floating debris washed up by rivers that overflowed their banks made many roads impassable.

Strong winds of more than 95 km / h tore down numerous trees and power lines on St. Lucia , so that the power went out on around 70% of the island. Landslides and floods were the result of rainfall in excess of 250mm and destroyed many houses and streets. The rainfall at Hewanorra International Airport was 335 mm. The country's banana harvest was seriously damaged; 85% of the farms reported losses. One house each in Bisee and Gros Islet was destroyed, and several others were damaged. Roads in Castries, Gros-Islet, Dennery and Soufriere have become impassable due to rubble or landslides. The damage reported by Dominica was minor, but many residents lost their water and electricity supplies. Heavy rain also led to disruptions in the water supply in numerous Grenada.

On Martinique , the strong wind in gusts of up to 143 km / h in Saint-Pierre caused chaos in the power supply; around 55,000 residents lost their electricity supply. The main road from Fort-de-France to the southern cities was impassable during the passage of the storm. About 4,000 people lost the supply of clean drinking water. Three people were slightly injured.

Matthew's impact on the ABC Islands has been relatively limited. Some roads in Aruba and Curacao were flooded. The Guajira Peninsula was hit by a heavy rain event for the first time in three years; this led to widespread flash floods . A person drowned in a flooded river in Uribia . Within 30 minutes, 32.8 mm of precipitation fell in the city. High waves damaged structures along the coast of the peninsula and 380 people in Manaure were evacuated as a result. Roughly 70% of Tucurinca was inundated by the Río Magdalena ; a nearby bridge was swept away by the floods, cutting off some localities from the outside world. Matthew's dangerous weather conditions prevented thousands of voters from voting in the referendum on the peace agreement in Colombia .

Greater Antilles

Haiti

Hurricane Matthew on October 4, 2016 before passing through Haiti and Cuba
Hurricane Matthew approaches Jamaica, Haiti and Cuba on October 3rd.

On October 2nd, on the Île-à-Vache , part of Haiti , the high waves required the evacuation of 89 people. Many fishermen ignored the ban on going out despite the harsh weather conditions. On the morning of October 3, two fishermen were missing and were later found dead. Precipitation ahead of the hurricane's outer bands triggered flooding in several cities in southern Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

Matthew hit the Tiburon Peninsula as a Category 4 hurricane on the morning of October 4; Matthew is the most powerful tropical cyclone to hit Haiti directly since Hurricane Cleo in 1964. An anemometer at Antoine-Simon Airport in Les Cayes , east of the landfall point, measured a gust of wind at 172 km / h just before the device failed. In Port-au-Prince , the country's capital, gusts reached 97 km / h. Communications links with areas directly in the hurricane's path were lost, and tens of thousands of residents were cut off from the outside world because roads and bridges were destroyed. 80% of the buildings in the city of Jérémie , located on the north coast of the Tiburon Peninsula, have been destroyed or badly damaged. Houses were razed and medical facilities were damaged. A radio host in Port-au-Prince said the city was "wiped out" from the waterfront to the cathedral. In the small town of Port-à-Piment, on the south coast of the Tiburon Peninsula, 90% of the houses and huts have been destroyed.

At Petit-Goâve, masses of water tore away a bridge. As a result, the Route Nationale # 2 (RN2, "Route du Sud") leading over this bridge, which connects the capital with the badly affected Les Cayes , was interrupted, so that aid convoys could not reach the Sud department by land at the time.

The Haitian government announced on October 6, 2016, two days after "Matthew" passed through, that the cyclone in Haiti had claimed 122 lives. A senator from the particularly hard-hit Département Sud , on the other hand, estimated the number of victims at "more than 300". Alone in the small town of Chantal, which has around 31,000 inhabitants and is located in the Plaine des Cayes west of Les Cayes, almost 100 people died. The next day, on October 7, the Haitian authorities had to revise the death toll to 877 in an initial balance sheet, and two days later to 1,000. The Haitian government ordered a three-day state mourning.

At least 29,000 homes have been destroyed in southern Haiti.

Dominican Republic

An automatic weather station in Cabo Rojo , Dominican Republic measured a rainfall of 214 mm on the afternoon of October 3, 2016. In addition, four people died when the house collapsed above them.

Cuba

In the Cuban province of Granma there was a storm surge from October 2nd, initially affecting three cities along the Sierra Maestra . During the evening of October 4th, Matthew hit the easternmost province of Cuba as a Category 4 hurricane and caused enormous damage. The coastal city of Baracoa was largely damaged by strong winds and the effects of the storm surge, and the latter washed away the facilities and equipment of numerous buildings. Despite the severity of the damage in the city, no fatalities were reported here. A telecommunications tower in Majayara fell during the storm and a bridge over the Río Toa was destroyed, cutting off several localities from the outside world.

Bahamas

The Matthews eye wall hit Grand Bahama directly and caused extensive damage there. Approximately 95 percent of the homes in Eight Mile Rock and Holmes Rock were badly damaged, numerous trees and power poles knocked down. Floods mainly affected the west of the island.

Southeast United States

Flood on the Tar River near Pitt-Greenville Airport on October 12, where the water level is expected to reach 7.8 m on October 12

When Matthew moved north parallel to the Florida coast, he caused power outages for more than a million residents of the state. In Indialantic , Florida, firefighters had to move out during the hurricane passage to tackle a greenhouse fire. There was one indirect death in the state (a woman died of a heart attack because the ambulance was unable to arrive because of the storm) and two direct deaths from falling trees. In the Flagler Beach area , a section of Florida State Road A1A was washed away by the surf. In total, the effects of the storm killed 33 people in the United States, including 14 in North Carolina, 12 in Florida, 3 in Georgia, 3 in South Carolina, and 1 in Virginia. At least five people are still missing in North Carolina's Cumberland County on October 11 . Sections of Interstate 95 in South Carolina and North Carolina had to be closed due to storm-induced flooding.

Previous estimates suggest that the economic damage in the southeastern United States adds up to $ 4-6 billion.

Relief efforts

Haiti

On October 4, the United States prepared the aircraft carrier USS George Washington , the hospital ship USNS Comfort - which had already provided aid to thousands after the 2010 Haiti earthquake - and the transport dock USS Mesa Verde for relief efforts in Haiti. The United States Southern Command commanded 100 soldiers with nine helicopters to the Cayman Islands to prepare disaster relief from there. The initial estimates suggest that at least 350,000 people in Haiti need help. In the end, around 1.4 million Haitians are dependent on help.

On October 7, 2016, the federal government announced emergency aid of 600,000 euros. Non-governmental aid organizations from Germany such as u. a. Global Aid Network , humedica and ISAR Germany were either already on site at the time of the hurricane or a few hours later sent helpers to the disaster region.

Lesser Antilles

Électricité de France brought additional workers from Guadeloupe and French Guiana to Martinique to restore electricity. The French military was deployed to help clear rubble and make roads passable.

The Red Cross provided aid supplies to 270 people in St. Lucia.

See also

Web links

Commons : Hurricane Matthew  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

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  32. ^ Daniel Brown and Richard Pasch: Hurricane Matthew Public Advisory Number 6 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 29, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
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  34. ^ A b c Edge of Hurricane Matthew whips at Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao (English) , Fox News. September 30, 2016. 
  35. ↑ a b Orkaan Matthew op Curaçao lijkt storm in glas water (Dutch) , NOS. September 30, 2016. 
  36. ↑ a b Eliana Mejia Ospino: La Guajira, en alerta roja por huracán Matthew (Spanish) . In: El Tiempo , September 30, 2016. 
  37. ↑ a b c Sandra Guerrero Barriga: 'Matthew' coge fuerza en su avance frente a la Costa (Spanish) . In: El Heraldo , October 1, 2016. 
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  39. ↑ a b Michael Brennan: Hurricane Matthew Public Advisory Number 11 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. September 30, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  40. ↑ a b c Michael Brennan: Hurricane Matthew Public Advisory Number 15 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 1, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  41. ↑ Mark Cummings: #TrackingMatthew: Trelawny beach closed, shelter managers put on alert . In: Jamaica Observer , October 2, 2016. Archived from the original on October 3, 2016. 
  42. ↑ Jamaica braces for Matthew's fury (English) . In: Jamaica Observer , October 2, 2016. 
  43. ↑ #TrackingMatthew: JUTC to terminate services at six o'clock (English) . In: Jamaica Observer , October 2, 2016. 
  44. ↑ #TrackingMatthew: JPS might shut down power plants if hurricane severe (English) . In: Jamaica Observer , October 2, 2016. 
  45. ↑ #TrackingMatthew: JDF deploys troops islandwide (English) . In: Jamaica Observer , October 2, 2016. 
  46. ↑ Michael Brennan: Hurricane Matthew Public Advisory Number 14 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 1, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  47. ^ A b c Daniel Brown and Robbie Berg: Hurricane Matthew Public Advisory Number 17 ( English ) National Hurricane Center. October 2, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
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  54. ↑ Haiti - Matthew: 55.107 persons in camps in Haiti without protection ... (French) . In: Haiti Libre , October 2, 2016. 
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  56. ↑ a b Manuel Juan Somoza: Cuba inicia evacuación por huracán 'Matthew' (Spanish) . In: Milenio , October 2, 2016. 
  57. ↑ Insta Raúl a no desaprovechar ninguna experiencia , Cubdebate from October 1, 2016
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  59. ↑ Gov. Rick Scott Issues State of Emergency For All Counties in Florida Ahead of Hurricane Matthew (English) , NBC6. October 3, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2016. 
  60. ↑ McCrory declares state of emergency as Matthew approaches US (English) . In: citizen-times.com , October 3, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2016. 
  61. ↑ 1.1 million South Carolinians could be evacuated (English) . October 7, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016. 
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  64. ↑ Gov. Nathan Deal declares state of emergency ahead of Hurricane Matthew (English) , WTOC. October 4, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2016. 
  65. ↑ Port Canaveral closing to ships, business on Wednesday (English) . In: Florida Today , October 4, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2016. 
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  67. ^ Hurricane Matthew poses a significant threat to Kennedy Space Center (English) . In: Ars Technica , October 4, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2016. 
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  72. ^ Hurricane Matthew Approaches Florida; Governor Urges 1.5 Million to Flee (English) . In: The New York Times , October 6, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2016. 
  73. ↑ Gov. Deal: Savannah, all coastal Georgia east of I-95 under mandatory evacuation (English) . In: Savannah Morning News , October 6, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2016. 
  74. ↑ Juan Sanchez: Contra Flow begins on I-16 in Georgia to help motorists evacuate (English) , WJCL TV . October 6, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2016. 
  75. ^ Hurricane Matthew triggers South Carolina evacuation as east coast braces for worst ( English ) theguardian.co.uk . October 5, 2016. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
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  80. ↑ a b Tempête Matthew en Martinique: 3 blessés et 55,000 personnes sans électricité (French) , La Chaîne Info. September 30, 2016. 
  81. ↑ Huracán Matthew se FORTALECE y aumenta a categoría cuatro (Spanish) , Noticias Caracol . September 30, 2016. 
  82. ↑ Fuertes inundaciones se registran en zona bananera, Magdalena (Spanish) . In: El Universal , October 2, 2016. 
  83. ↑ Lluvia por coletazo del huracán Matthew afectan el plebiscito en Colombia (Spanish) . In: La Vanguardia , October 2, 2016. 
  84. ^ Haiti - FLASH: Matthew, first evacuations in Haiti (English) . In: Haiti Libre , October 2, 2016. 
  85. ^ Pam Wright: Hurricane Matthew Kills Two Fishermen in Haiti; They 'Took Risks to Feed Their Families,' Official Says ( English ) The Weather Channel. October 3, 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
  86. ↑ Brian McNoldy: Hurricane warning in Florida after Matthew strikes Haiti as strongest hurricane in 52 years (English) . In: The Washington Post , October 4, 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2016. 
  87. ^ A b Haiti Aid Hand in Hand (Winterthur): Appel à la Solidarité après le passe de l'ouragan Matthew , October 10, 2016.
  88. ^ A b Hurricane Matthew: New images show scale of Haiti destruction (English) , BBC. October 6, 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2016. 
  89. ↑ Matthew: Jude Célestin veut jeter un nouveau pont sur la Digue à Petit-Goâve en huit jours . Le Nouvelliste (Port-au-Prince), October 5th, 2016.
  90. ↑ a b Le bilan s'alourdit en Haïti après le passage de l'ouragan Matthew . In: La Croix , October 7, 2016.
  91. ↑ Christiane Heil: Hundreds of thousands of Haitians need help . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, October 8, 2016, p. 9.
  92. ^ Haiti: près de 900 morts après le passage de l'ouragan Matthew . Le Figaro, October 8, 2016.
  93. ↑ DiePresse.com: Hurricane "Matthew": Number of deaths in Haiti rises to 1000. Retrieved October 10, 2016, from http://diepresse.com/home/panorama/welt/5099128/Hurrikan-Matthew_Zahl-der-Toten- increases-to-1000-in-Haiti
  94. ↑ Runaway. Hurricane Matthew did not hit the US as hard as expected, but Haiti mourns hundreds of victims. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung, October 10, 2016, p. 8.
  95. ↑ Spiegel-Online , October 8, 2016.
  96. ↑ John Morales [JohnMoralesNBC6]: Official @onamet automated rain gauge in southwestern Dominican Republic. Twitter.com, October 3, 2016, accessed October 8, 2016 : "Official @onamet automated rain gauge in southwestern Dominican Republic (Cabo Rojo, Pedernales Province) has received 8.43" of rain already "
  97. ^ David McFadden: Hurricane Matthew slams Haiti, takes aim at US East Coast. In: The Big Story. American Press, October 4, 2016, accessed October 8, 2016 .
  98. ↑ Jerry Iannelli: Hurricane Matthew Destroyed Parts of Baracoa, Cuba, Last Night (English) . In: Miami News-Times , October 5, 2016. Retrieved October 2016. 
  99. ↑ Baracoa después de Matthew, sin pérdidas humanas ( Spanish ) In: Granma . ReliefWeb. October 5, 2016. Retrieved October 10, 2016.
  100. ^ Rashad role: Grand Bahama Suffers Significant Damage As Matthew Roars Through (English) . In: Tribune 242 , October 2016. Retrieved October 10, 2016. 
  101. ↑ River Alert: Current and forecast levels; Major flooding expected along many rivers (English) , WITN. October 10, 2016. Retrieved on 2016-101-11. 
  102. ^ Hurricane Matthew Batters Florida Coast; 3 Dead as Over 1 Million Lose Power , ABC News. October 7, 2016. 
  103. ↑ James Dean: Firefighters douse Indialantic blaze (English) . In: Florida Today , October 7, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2016. 
  104. ↑ Hurricane Matthew Avoids Direct Hit on Florida, Continues North (English) . In: The New York Times , October 7, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2016. 
  105. ↑ Hurricane Matthew kills 10 in US, floods Carolinas ( English ) BBC News. October 8, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  106. ↑ Hurricane Matthew washes away parts of A1A in Flagler County (English) . In: WFTV , October 7, 2016. Archived from the original on October 8, 2016. Retrieved on October 8, 2016. 
  107. ^ Hurricane Matthew economic damage nears $ 6 billion ( English ) USA. October 8, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  108. ↑ David B Larter and Mark D. Faram: Carrier George Washington to deploy for Hurricane Matthew relief (English) . In: Navy Times , October 4, 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2016. 
  109. ↑ Cyclone with fatal consequences - Welthungerhilfe. Retrieved July 4, 2019 .
  110. ↑ Global Aid Network (GAiN) gGmbH ; accessed on October 7, 2016
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  113. ↑ Update on recovery effort in the aftermath of Tropical Storm Matthew (English) . In: St. Lucia News , October 2, 2016.