List of hurricanes in South America

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Combined trajectories of all Atlantic hurricanes that affected the north coast of South America between 1850 and 2005

This list of hurricanes in South America is a compilation of all known tropical cyclones that have affected one or more countries in South America . This continent is rarely hit by tropical cyclones, with most of these storms forming in the northern Atlantic Ocean .

Usually, strong high-altitude winds and proximity to the equator prevent hurricanes and tropical storms from the North Atlantic from hitting South America. There is no known tropical cyclone that has impacted the Pacific side of South America. Based on climatology, northern Venezuela and Colombia have a 1–5 percent chance (or a 20–100 year recurrence) of being hit by a hurricane in one year, with a direct hit south of 10 ° N is less than one percent. A total of 38 tropical cyclones have been observed affecting the continent since 1588.

The southern Atlantic Ocean is generally a hostile environment for a tropical storm to form. Although these are rare, tropical or subtropical systems are increasingly developing off Brazil , including Cyclone Catarina in 2004, which hit the coast with a force equivalent to category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale . Since 2011, certain storms have been officially named, including the subtropical storm Arani .

At least one tropical or subtropical storm has formed near the west coast of southern Africa .

List of tropical cyclones

Before 1900

  • 4th-6th November 1588 - Cartagena de Indias , Colombia , is hit by a hurricane.
  • September 1672 - A hurricane affects Caracas , Venezuela .
  • October 22, 1683 - The island of Curacao off Venezuela is hit by a hurricane.
  • September 1773 - a hurricane crossed Venezuela and later Colombia.
  • 13-22 December 1822 - A hurricane sweeps the southeastern Caribbean Sea and hits Venezuela.
  • October 13, 1847 - Venezuela is hit by a hurricane.
  • September 23, 1877 - with wind speeds of 170 km / h (corresponding to the later category 2 of the SSHS) a hurricane hits the north of Venezuela and generates wind speeds of up to 130 km / h on Curaçao .
  • September 17, 1886 - A Category 2 hurricane strikes the north coast of Venezuela and brings winds of up to 65 km / h to Curaçao.
  • December 10, 1887 - A tropical storm is passing the Colombian department of La Guajira just north .
  • October 8, 1892 - A Category 2 hurricane hit northern Venezuela and Colombia and brought rough seas to Curaçao.

20th century

Tropical Storm Bret (1993) near the coast of Venezuela
  • September 5, 1911 - Curaçao experiences a westward moving tropical storm that passes close to the coasts of Venezuela and Colombia.
  • 2nd to 5th November 1932 - A Category 2 hurricane passes Venezuela and Colombia around 120 km off the coast, causing damage. It later passed Providencia , northeast Colombia, destroying 36 homes and the crops.
  • June 27, 1933 - A weak hurricane hits northeastern Venezuela and destroys houses, shops and fishing boats. Strong winds interrupt telephone and telegraph connections for several days. Several people were killed and property damage was over $ 200,000.
  • Oct. 8, 1954 - Hurricane Hazel passes in category 3 about 150 km off the north coast of Venezuela and Colombia.
  • Sept. 25, 1955 - Hurricane Janet passes the coasts of Venezuela and Colombia as a Category 4 hurricane.
  • July 20, 1961 - Hurricane Anna passes the coast of Venezuela about 120 km away.
  • Oct. 01, 1963 - Hurricane Flora hits Tobago and barely stays offshore Venezuela as the Category 3 hurricane sweeps through the Caribbean.
  • Sep. 07, 1971 - A tropical depression intensifies near Venezuela for Tropical Storm Edith . The southern part of the circulation moves over the northeast of the country.
  • Sep. 16, 1971 - A tropical depression that will later become Hurricane Irene crosses the island of Curacao.
  • Aug. 14, 1974 - Tropical storm Alma comes overland in northern Venezuela and dissolves over the mountainous country. Heavy rain bands are the cause of a plane crash on Isla Margarita with 47 dead.
  • August 12, 1978 - The Cora Tropical Depression disintegrates not far from Curacao.
  • September 13, 1978 - Near the northeastern coastline of Venezuela, the tropical depression forms from which Hurricane Greta later develops.
  • 10-12 September 1988 - Rains in the outflow area of Hurricane Gilbert create flash floods in northern Venezuela, killing five people.
  • 16.-18. October 1988 - Tropical Storm Joan hits northern Venezuela and Colombia. The storm created flash floods that killed 11 people in Venezuela, and in Colombia, the effects of the storm killed 25 people and left around 27,000 homeless.
  • August 14, 1990 - The minimal tropical storm Fran dissolves over the north of Venezuela.
  • 7th-9th August 1993 - Tropical storm Bret sweeps across northern Venezuela and Colombia. In the Venezuelan Guanare , Bret dumps at least 340 mm of rainfall. The rains cause landslides especially in the vicinity of Caracas , which mostly affect the homes of the poor. Most of the 173 deaths in Venezuela are in such areas near Caracas. A lack of preparation and the premature announcement from weather forecasters that the worst is already over contribute to the problem. A total of 10,000 Venezuelans were left homeless and property damage adds up to at least $ 25 million. In Colombia, the effects of Bret kill one person and injure another.
  • 24.-27. July 1996 - Hurricane Cesar moves west through the southern Caribbean, crossing the far north of Colombia and San Andrés and Providencia . The effects of Cesar kill 11 people in floods and landslides.
  • 13-16 November 1999 - Hurricane Lenny hit the Guajira Peninsula in Colombia, flooding 1200 homes and businesses on the northern coastline. The strong winds and rain also cause severe damage to the crops in Colombia. Two people are killed in Colombia as a result of the effects of the hurricane.

21st century

Cyclone Catarina shortly before landfall in Brazil
  • September 25, 2000 - Hurricane Joyce dissolves just north of eastern Venezuela.
  • September 14, 2002 - Hurricane Isidore crosses northeastern Venezuela as a tropical depression.
  • December 4, 2003 - Tropical storm Odette generates up to 200 mm of precipitation in Colombia.
  • Jan 20, 2004 - A potentially tropical storm hits eastern Brazil, dumping heavy rain in the area.
  • March 28, 2004 - the unofficially named Cyclone Catarina hits the southeast of Brazil with maximum wind speeds of 145 km / h. The cyclone damaged more than 30,000 homes and left 1,900 people homeless. The cyclone also damaged stores in 1373 and destroyed 50 others and a hospital; 3 people were killed, 38 injured, and property damage was estimated at up to $ 330 million.
  • 7th-9th September 2004 - Hurricane Ivan is a Category 4 hurricane along the coast of Venezuela. The strong wind through Ivan forced the closure of several airports. The hurricane also generated heavy rain and heavy waves. Ivan killed three people in Venezuela, although the overall damage was minor.
  • July 14, 2005 - Hurricane Emily passed Venezuela directly north as an intensifying hurricane, causing torrential rain and flooding in the northeast. 64 families were forced to leave their homes in eastern Monagas state because rivers overran their banks. Shipping in some ports was temporarily suspended.
  • October 29, 2005 - Hurricane Beta hits the Colombian island of Providencia and covers thousands of roofs. Strong winds closed airports and cut communications
  • September 2, 2007 - Strong winds and waves from Hurricane Felix result in a person going missing in the Venezuelan coastal town of Puerto Cabello .
  • January 28, 2009 - a trough at medium and high altitudes with a cold core and an underlying low pressure area with a warm core form a system over Uruguay and the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul that extended eastward into the Atlantic. The system was eventually classified as a subtropical storm and was only the second subtropical system observed in the southern Atlantic; the first subtropical storm was observed in 1974. The wind reaches more than 100 km / h on the coast of Uruguay and the extreme south of Rio Grande do Sul and in some places in this region more than 300 mm of precipitation fell in 24 hours. 14 dead and thousands of evacuees were the result.
  • March 10, 2010 - Tropical storm Anita (90Q), mentioned by private and public weather observers (not officially) , affected the coast in southern Brazil. The tropical cyclone developed from a subtropical system.
  • Early November 2010 - Tropical storm Tomas generates heavy rain in Curaçao and northern South America.
  • March 10, 2011 - Before the system became Subtropical Storm Arani, it generated torrential rain over Brazil. Arani is the first officially named storm in the southern Atlantic.
  • 10-13 March 2015 - The subtropical storm Cari becomes stationary off the coast of Brazil. Cari dumped up to 150 mm of rain over the mainland was accompanied by strong winds and strong waves.
  • September 30, 2016 - Hurricane Matthew hit the Venezuelan coast with gale force winds. One person died from flooding in the Colombian city of Uribia .

Casualty numbers

Data on victims of tropical cyclones reaching South America are poor and not systematically recorded. The victims by Bret, Joan, Cesar, Gilbert, Catarina and Ivan are the result of flash floods, floods or landslides.

Surname year dead
Bret 1993 174
Joan 1988 36
Subtropical cyclone from January 2009 2009 14th
Cesar 1996 11
Gilbert 1988 5
Catarina 2004 3
Ivan 2004 3
Lenny 1999 2
Hattie 1961 1
Matthew 2016 1
Two 1933 "several"
Alma 1974 0 (47 indirect)

Storm warnings and advance warnings

Limit points for warnings from the NHC in South America

In the event that an Atlantic hurricane threatens the north coast of South America, the National Hurricane Center has established nine locations on the coast as border points for warnings and advance warnings. The westernmost border point is the border between Panama and Colombia , and the easternmost is Georgetown, Guyana , latitude 6.82 ° N. In the eastern Pacific Ocean , the easternmost border point on the border between Panama and Colombia is 7.23 ° N. Since At the start of the record, no Atlantic hurricane existed south of 6.82 ° N and no Pacific hurricane existed east of 80 ° W; should a tropical cyclone actually threaten a region of South America for which no warning section has been defined, additional boundary points can be determined. Apart from the border points on the mainland, the National Hurricane Center has set the island of San Andres as the border point.

In 1963, Hurricane Flora prompted officials to issue storm warnings for two islands off the north coast of Venezuela. In 1974, the passage of the tropical storm Alma caused the issue of storm warnings for the Paria and Paraguaná peninsulas . Hurricane Joan (1988), Tropical Storm Bret (1993), Hurricane Cesar (1996) and Hurricane Felix (2007) led to storm and hurricane advance warnings and warnings for several areas of the coast of South America. The threat posed by Hurricane Ivan led to the issuance of a hurricane warning and a storm warning for the north coast of Venezuela.

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Ask Tom Why . WGN9 Chicago. Archived from the original on April 27, 2006. Retrieved July 20, 2006.
  2. ↑ Pielke, Rubiera, Landsea, Fernández, Klein: Hurricane Vulnerability in Latin America & The Caribbean (PDF) National Hazards Review. Retrieved July 20, 2006.
  3. ↑ a b c d Ricardo Garcia-Herrera, Luis Gimeno, Pedro Ribera, Emiliano Hernandez: New records of Atlantic hurricanes from Spanish documentary sources . Retrieved July 20, 2006.
  4. ↑ a b c Michael Chenoweth: A Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity, 1700–1855 (PDF) Retrieved July 20, 2006.
  5. ↑ NOAA: 1877 Atlantic hurricane season . Retrieved July 20, 2006.
  6. ↑ NOAA: 1886 Atlantic hurricane season . Retrieved July 20, 2006.
  7. ^ NOAA: 1887 Atlantic hurricane season . Retrieved July 20, 2006.
  8. ^ NOAA: 1892 Atlantic hurricane season . Retrieved July 20, 2006.
  9. ^ National Weather Service: 1892 Monthly Weather Review (PDF) Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  10. ^ NOAA: 1911 Atlantic hurricane season . Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  11. ^ National Weather Service: 1932 Monthly Weather Review (PDF) Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  12. ^ National Weather Service: 1933 Monthly Weather Review (PDF) Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  13. ^ National Weather Service: 1954 Monthly Weather Review (PDF) Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  14. ^ National Weather Service: 1955 Monthly Weather Review (PDF) Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  15. ^ National Weather Service: 1961 Monthly Weather Review (PDF) Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  16. ^ National Weather Service: 1963 Monthly Weather Review (PDF) Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  17. ^ John Hope: Hurricane Edith Preliminary Report Page 1 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved November 1, 2006.
  18. ^ National Weather Service: 1971 Monthly Weather Review (PDF) Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  19. ^ A b National Hurricane Center: Tropical Storm Alma Tropical Cyclone Report . Retrieved November 18, 2006.
  20. ^ A b National Weather Service: 1978 Monthly Weather Review (PDF) Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  21. ^ National Weather Service: 1988 Monthly Weather Review (PDF) Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  22. ↑ Dr. Harold P. Gerrish: Hurricane Joan Tropical Cyclone Report Page 3 . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  23. ^ National Hurricane Center: Tropical Storm Fran Tropical Cyclone Report . Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  24. ^ A b National Weather Service: 1993 Monthly Weather Review (PDF) Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  25. ↑ John Wade: Catastrophe in Caracas . The Herald. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  26. ↑ Associated Press: Hurricane Douglas leaves at least 35 dead as it crosses from Caribbean to Pacific . Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 21, 2006. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wwwnotes.reliefweb.int
  27. ^ Agence France-Presse: One death blamed on Hurricane Lenny; still threatens Caribbean . Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 21, 2006. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / wwwnotes.reliefweb.int
  28. ^ John L. Guiney: Hurricane Lenny Tropical Cyclone Report . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  29. ^ Miles B. Lawrence: Hurricane Joyce Tropical Cyclone Report . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  30. ^ Lixion A. Avila: Hurricane Isidore Tropical Cyclone Report . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  31. ↑ World Meteorological Organization: Final Report of the 2003 Atlantic Hurricane Season (PDF) Archived from the original on October 29, 2005. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  32. ↑ Gary Padgett: January 2004 Tropical cyclone summary . Archived from the original on June 16, 2006. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  33. ^ A b D. H. Levinson: State of the Climate in 2004 . American Meteorological Society. Accessed on July 21, 2006.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / ams.allenpress.com  
  34. ^ Associated Press: First South Atlantic hurricane hits Brazil . In: USA Today , March 30, 2004. Retrieved July 21, 2006. 
  35. ^ Agence France-Presse: Hurricane Ivan kills at least 14 in Caribbean . Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  36. ^ Stacy R. Stewart: Hurricane Ivan Tropical Cyclone Report . National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  37. ↑ International Federation of the Red Cross: Caribbean: Hurricane Ivan (PDF) Retrieved July 21, 2006.
  38. ↑ News from Russia: Emily passed Venezuela . Archived from the original on March 27, 2006 Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved July 21, 2006. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / newsfromrussia.com 
  39. ↑ Adventist News Network : Colombia: Adventists Aid Hurricane Beta Relief Effort on Tiny Island . Archived from the original on March 10, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
  40. ^ Agence French-Presse: Maximum strength Hurricane Felix aims for Central America . Archived from the original on July 7, 2009. Retrieved September 3, 2007.
  41. ↑ a b National Hurricane Center: Hurricane and Tropical Storm Watch / Warning Breakpoints . Archived from the original on July 8, 2007. Retrieved November 18, 2006.
  42. ↑ Hurricane Research Division: HURDAT Data for Tropical Cyclones 1851-2005 . NOAA . Archived from the original on July 5, 2006. Retrieved November 18, 2006.
  43. ^ Hurricane Research Division: Hurricane Data for Pacific Hurricanes 1949-2005 . NOAA. Archived from the original on June 14, 2006. Retrieved November 18, 2006.
  44. ↑ Hoose: Hurricane Flora Advisory 4 . San Juan Weather Bureau. Retrieved November 18, 2006.
  45. ^ NHC: Hurricane Joan Tropical Cyclone Report Page 8 . Retrieved November 18, 2006.
  46. ^ NHC: Tropical Storm Bret Tropical Cyclone Report Page 10 . Retrieved November 18, 2006.
  47. ↑ Avila: Hurricane Cesar Tropical Cyclone Report . NHC. Retrieved November 18, 2006.
  48. ^ Blake & Avila: Tropical Depression Six Public Advisory One . NHC. Retrieved September 3, 2007.
  49. ↑ Stewart: Hurricane Ivan Tropical Cyclone Report . NHC. Retrieved November 18, 2006.