Sea snails
Sea snails | ||||||||||||
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Hydrobiidae | ||||||||||||
Stimpson , 1865 |
The hydrobiidae (Hydrobiidae), also watt screw , sadleriana or bithyniidae are a diverse family from the group of Caenogastropoda . The very small to small snails are found worldwide mainly in fresh water , but also in brackish water and in some cases in sea water .
features
Water snails have small, conical and smooth, right-hand winding shells with a mostly oval, always whole-rimmed mouth. The snail shells of adult snails have 2 to 8 whorls and are no longer than 8 mm, but the house can always accommodate the whole, small snail. The horny cover ( operculum ) is spiral with a few turns.
The snails have a long, two-part snout and two thread-like, pointed or blunt antennae, at the base of which are the eyes. The hem of the coat can be simple or it can be studded with extensions. The foot consists of a front and a rear half. The mucous gland is centrally located on the front edge of the foot. The head, foot, mantle and viscera are colored pale gray to dark purple or black due to melanin .
The mantle cavity contains a gill almost in its entire length , which consists of 10 to 200 triangular filaments. The osphradium is usually small.
The radula is of the Taenioglossa type with more than fifty rows of teeth. The central tooth is trapezoidal in shape and the posterior teeth have a few to many cusps, the marginal teeth usually have many cusps.
The sea snails are mostly separate sexes, with the male mating with the female with his penis . The females lay their eggs in individual egg capsules, often on aquatic plants, but there can also be ovoviviparia . In this case there is a direct development, but in most species ready-made snails hatch. In some species there is a development via Veliger larvae.
Since the shells of the sea snail have few species-specific characteristics and at the same time many species are very variable, the characteristics of the operculum, the radula and the penis must be used for species descriptions and species identification.
Distribution and way of life
Most sea snail species live in fresh water, for example in lakes or rivers, while other species occur in brackish water. A few species live in salt water, especially on sandy or muddy subsoil between algae or in seagrass meadows .
The snails live on algae and detritus .
Some types
In the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, the family is represented by the common watt snail or smooth watt snail ( Hydrobia ulvae ), the bellied watt snail ( Ecrobia ventrosa ), the pointed watt snail ( Hydrobia acuta ) and the overlooked watt snail ( Hydrobia neglecta ). Introduced from New Zealand in the North Sea is the New Zealand mud snail ( Potamopyrgus antipodarum ), and frequent in the Black Sea stone adhesive ( Lithoglyphus naticoides ) has passed through the waterways also to Central Europe.
Systematics
According to Bouchet and Rocroi (2005), the Hydrobiidae family is one of 19 families in the superfamily Rissooidea . The Hydrobiidae family currently includes over 160 genera:
- Adriohydrobia Radoman, 1973
- Akiyoshia Kuroda & Habe, 1954
- Alzoniella Giusti & Bodon, 1984
- Andrusovia Brusina in Westerlund, 1903
- Antibaria Radoman, 1973
- Antillobia Alta, 1993
- Antrorbis Hershler & Thompson, 1990
- Antroselates Hubricht, 1963
- Arganiella Giusti & Pezzoli, 1980
- Aroapyrgus HB Baker, 1931
- Avenionia Cossmann, 1900
- Badenia Finlay, 1930
- Beddomeia Petterd, 1889
- Belgrandia Bourguignat, 1869
-
Belgrandiella Wagner, 1928
- Thermen dwarf spring snail ( Belgrandiella parreyssii )
- Birgella HB Baker, 1926
- Boetersiella Arconada & Ramos, 2001
- Boleana Radoman, 1973
- Bracenica Radoman, 1973
- Brachypyrgulina Haas 1955
-
Spring snails ( Bythinella Moquin-Tandon, 1856)
- Austrian spring snail ( Bythinella austriaca )
- Rhön spring snail ( Bythinella compressa )
- Pannonian spring snail ( Bithynella pannonica )
-
Bythiospeum Bourguignat, 1882
- Husmann's fountain snail ( Bythiospeum husmanni )
- Caspia Clessin & Dybowski, 1888
- Caspiohydrobia Starobogatov, 1970
- Catapyrgus Climo, 1974
- Cavernisa Radoman, 1978
- Chilopyrgula Brusina, 1896
- Chondrobasis Arconada & Ramos, 2001
- Cilgia Schütt, 1968
- Cincinnatia Pilsbry, 1891
- Clessiniola Lindholm, 1924
- Colligyrus Hershler, 1999
- Corrosella Boeters, 1970
- Dabriana Radoman, 1974
- Dalmatella Velkovrh, 1970
- Daphniola Radoman, 1973
- Dasyscias Thompson & Hershler, 1991
- Dianella Gude, 1913
- Ecrobia Stimpson, 1865
- Eremopyrgus Hershler, 1999
- Euxinipyrgula Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1999
- Falniowskia Bernasconi, 1990
- Fissuria Boeters, 1981
- Floridiscrobs Pilsbry & McGinty, 1949
- Fluvidona Iredale, 1937
- Fluviopupa Pilsbry, 1911
- Ginaia Brusina, 1896
- Gocea Hadžišce, 1956
- Graecoanatolica Radoman, 1973
- Grossuana Radoman, 1973
- Guadiella Boeters, 2003
- Hadopyrgus Climo, 1974
- Hadziella Kuscer, 1932
- Halopyrgus Haase, 2008
- Hauffenia Pollonera, 1899
- Heideella Backhuys & Boeters, 1974
- Heleobops FG Thompson, 1968
- Hemistomia Crosse, 1872
- Heraultiella Bodon, Manganelli & Giusti 2002
- Heterocycle Crosse, 1872
- Holsingeria Hershler, 1988
- Horatia Bourguignat, 1887
- Hoyia HB Baker, 1926
-
Hydrobia Hartmann, 1821
- Common watt snail ( Hydrobia ulvae )
- Iberhoratia Arconada & Ramos, 2007
- Iglica Wagner, 1927
- Insignia Angelov, 1972 (invalid, preoccupied by Insignia Astrova, 1965)
- Islamia Radoman, 1973
- Istriana Velkovrh, 1971
- Jardinella Iredale & Whitley, 1938
- Josephus Arconada & Ramos, 2006
- Juturnia Hershler, Liu & Stockwell, 2002
- Kerkia Radoman, 1978
- Kuschelita mica Climo, 1974
- Lanzaia Brusina, 1906
- Lanzaiopsis Bole, 1989
- Leptopyrgus Haase, 2008
- Lithabitella Boeters 1970
- Lithococcus Pilsbry, 1911
- Littoridinops Pilsbry, 1952
- Lobogenes Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927
- Lyhnidia Hadžišce, 1956
- Lithococcus Pilsbry, 1911
- † Marstoniopsis Altena, 1936
- Martinietta Schlickum, 1974
- Mercuria Boeters, 1971
- Meridiopyrgus Haase, 2008
- Mesobia Thompson & Hershler, 1991
- Micropyrgula Polinski, 1929
- Milesiana Arconada & Ramos, 2006
- Moominia Gerlach, 2003
- Nanochlea Ponder, Clark, Miller & Toluzzi, 1993
- Narentiana Radoman, 1973
- Neofossarulus Polinski, 1929
- Notogillia Pilsbry, 1953
- Obtusopyrgus Haase, 2008
- Ochridopyrgula Radoman, 1955
- Ohridohauffenia Hadžišce, 1956
- Ohrigocea Hadžišce, 1956
- Onobops FG Thompson, 1968
- Opacuincola Ponder, 1966
- Peringia Paladilhe, 1874
- Palacanthilhiopsis Bernasconi, 1988
- Paludestrema Walker, 1925
- Pauluccinella Giusti & Pezzoli, 1990
- Paxillostium Gardner, 1970
- Petterdiana Brazier, 1896
- Pezzolia Bodon & Giusti, 1986
- Phrantela Iredale, 1943
- Phreatica Velkovrh, 1970
- Phreatoceras Hershler & Longley, 1987
- Phreatodrobia Hershler & Longley, 1987
- Plagigeyeria Tomlin, 1930
- Platypyrgus Haase, 2008
- Plesiella Boeters, 2003
- Pontobelgrandiella Radoman, 1978
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Potamopyrgus Stimpson, 1865
- New Zealand pygmy snail ( Potamopyrgus antipodarum )
- Prespopyrgula Radoman, 1973
- Pristinicola Hershler, 1994
- Probythinella Thiele, 1928
- Pseudamnicola Paulucci, 1878
- Pseudavenionia Bodon & Giusti, 1982
- Pseudohoratia Radoman, 1967
- Pseudoislamia Radoman, 1979
- Pseudopaludinella Bourguignat in Mabille, 1877
- Pseudotryonia Hershler, 2001
- Pyrgohydrobia Radoman, 1955
- Pyrgophorus Ancey, 1888
- Pyrgula Cristofori & Jan, 1832
- Pyrgulopsis Call & Pilsbry, 1886
- Rachipteron Thompson, 1964
- Radomaniola Szarowska, 2006
- Rakiurapyrgus Haase, 2008
- Rhapinema Thompson, 1970
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Dwarf snail ( Sadleriana Clessin, 1890)
- River pygmy snail ( Sadleriana fluminensis )
- Schmidt's dwarf snail ( Sadleriana schmidtii )
- Saganoa Kuroda, Habe & Tamu, 1957
- Salenthydrobia Wilke, 2003
- Sarajana Radoman, 1975
- Sardohoratia Manganelli, Bodon, Cianfanelli, Talenti & Giusti, 1998
- Sardopaladilhia Manganelli, Bodon, Cianfanelli, Talenti & Giusti, 1998
- Saxurinator Schütt, 1960
- Soapitia Binder, 1961
- Sororipyrgus Haase, 2008
- Spathogyna Arconada & Ramos, 2002
- Spilochlamys Thompson, 1968
- Spurwinkia Davis, Mazurkiewicz & Mandracchia, 1982
- Stankovicia Polinski, 1929
- Stenothyra Benson, 1856
- Stiobia nana Thompson & McCaleb, 1978
- Strugia Radoman, 1973
- Sulawesidrobia Ponder & Haase, 20051
- Tarraconia Ramos & Arconada in Ramos, Arconada, Rolan & Moreno, 2000
- Tasmaniella Ancey, 1898
- Tatea Tenison-Woods, 1879
- Taylorconcha Hershler, Fre, Johann, Bowl & Thomps, 1994
- Tepalcatia Thompson & Hershler, 2002
- Terranigra Radoman, 1978
- Terrestribythinella Sitnokova, Starobogatov & Anistratenko, 1992
- Texadina Abbott & Ladd, 1951
- Texapyrgus Thompson & Hershler, 1991
- Tongapyrgus Haase, 2008
- Trichonia Radoman, 1973
- Trochidrobia Ponder, Hershler & Jenkins, 1989
- Trachyochridia Polinski, 1929
- Turcorientalia Radoman, 1973
- Turricaspia B. Dybowski & Grohabenicki, 1915
- Vicrobia Ponder, Clark, Miller & Toluzzi, 1993
- Vinodolia Radoman, 1973
- Vioscalba Morrison, 1965
- Wuconchona Kang Zaibin 1983
supporting documents
literature
- Bernhard Grzimek (ed.): Grzimeks animal life. Encyclopedia of the Animal Kingdom in 13 volumes. Volume 3: molluscs and echinoderms. Unchanged reprint of the dtv edition from 1979/80. Bechtermünz-Weltbildverlag, Augsburg, 2000 ISBN 3-8289-1603-1
- Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN 0076-2997
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jürgen H. Jungbluth, German Malakozoological Society: German names for native snails and mussels (Gastropoda et Bivalvia) (mollbase.de). Version dated January 15, 2002.
- ↑ Doris Freudig (Ed.): Lexicon of Biology . Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2004.
- ↑ Robert Nordsieck: Dwarf snails (Hydrobiidae) on Weichtiere.at
- ^ Václav Pfleger: Mollusks. 192 pp., Artia-Verlag, Prague 1984 (p. 50).
- ↑ World Wide Mollusc Species Database by Bagni Liggia
- ^ World Register of Marine Species , Hydrobiidae Stimpson, 1865
- ↑ a b c Winston F. Ponder, GA Clark, AC Miller, A Toluzzi: On a major radiation of freshwater snails in Tasmania and eastern Victoria: a preliminary overview of the Beddomeia group (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 7 (3) 501-750, 1993 abstract
annotation
- ↑ According to Jürgen H. Jungbluth, mollbase.de , the name Watt snail only refers to a part of the sea snails.
Web links
- Fischhaus Zepkow: Family Hydrobiidae - water snails
- Robert Nordsieck, Alexander Mrkvicka: Dwarf snails (Hydrobiidae) on Weichtiere.at
- Marine Species Identification Portal: Hydrobiidae