Hydroxycobalamin
Structural formula | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General | |||||||||||||||||||
Surname | Hydroxycobalamin | ||||||||||||||||||
other names |
|
||||||||||||||||||
Molecular formula | C 62 H 89 CoN 13 O 15 P | ||||||||||||||||||
Brief description |
dark red, orthorhombic needles or platelets |
||||||||||||||||||
External identifiers / databases | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Drug information | |||||||||||||||||||
ATC code | |||||||||||||||||||
properties | |||||||||||||||||||
Molar mass | 1346.37 g mol −1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
||||||||||||||||||
Melting point |
> 300 ° C (from 200 ° C discoloration) |
||||||||||||||||||
solubility |
Slightly soluble in water: 20 g · l −1 |
||||||||||||||||||
safety instructions | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Hydroxycobalamin (also hydroxocobalamin , vitamin B 12b ) belongs to the group of cobalamins and is one of several storage forms of cobalamin. Hydroxycobalamin, which is synthesized by many types of bacteria, is used to produce vitamin B 12 commercially. Like the other cobalamins, hydroxycobalamin has an intense red color and is used medicinally for vitamin B 12 deficiency and as an antidote for the treatment of hydrocyanic acid poisoning .
properties
Vitamin B 12b as acetate forms odorless, dark red, orthorhombic needles or platelets. It dissolves in water at a ratio of 1:50 (20 g / l). The melting point is above 300 ° C, with discoloration occurring at 200 ° C.
indication
In Germany, hydroxycobalamin is used to treat hydrogen cyanide poisoning. Various injection preparations are available in Germany as pharmacy-only drugs. The preparations are also freely available in other forms (tablets, lozenges, drops).
dosage
While only small amounts are administered in the case of vitamin deficiency, hydrocyanic acid poisoning requires the administration of much larger amounts. Initially, 5 g of hydroxycobalamin diluted in 200 ml of infusion solution are slowly administered intravenously over 30 minutes. The use of hydroxycobalamin has a good risk-benefit ratio and should therefore be administered in suspected cases.
side effect
As an undesirable effect, the skin turns reversibly reddish and the urine turns red.
Trade names
- B 12 Depot, Cefavit B12 Depot, Cyanokit, Depogamma, Lophakomp-B12 Depot, Vitamin B12 Depot
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Entry on hydroxocobalamin. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on November 4, 2013.
- ↑ a b Data sheet Hydroxocobalamin acetate, vitamin B from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on September 26, 2013 ( PDF ).
- ↑ hydroxocobalamin for Acute Cyanide Poisoning: New Data from Preclinical and Clinical Studies; New Results from the Prehospital Emergency Setting ; Richard C. Dart; 2006, Vol. 44, No. s1.
- ↑ Dosage of hydroxycobalamin in cyanide poisoning from clinic and research 2013.