Ibn Muʿādh al-Jaiyānī

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Ibn Muʿādh al-Jaiyānī or el-Jajjani ( Arabic ابن معاذ الجياني, DMG Ibn Muʿāḏ al-Ǧaiyānī , Spanish Yayyani de Jaén el Joven ) was an 11th century Arab astronomer , lawyer and mathematician from Spain ( al-Andalus ) . He wrote the first known treatise on spherical trigonometry .

There is a Spanish scholar, mathematician and lawyer for inheritance law named by Ibn Bashkuwāl (died 1183) by the name of al-Jaiyani, who was born in Cordoba in 989 and lived in Cairo from 1012 to 1017, but the identification is doubtful because al-Jaiyani is one Treatise on a solar eclipse observation in Jaén from 1079 published. However, al-Jaiyani was also a lawyer and judge, according to information in a manuscript. The name al-Jaiyani means from Jaen.

There is a treatise by him, On Relation , which deals with proportions according to the fifth book of the elements of Euclid. He defended Euclid's definitions and wrote a comment on them. According to him - contrary to Greek tradition - five quantities are dealt with in mathematics (number, linear extent, area, volume and angle). This was consistent with a general dissatisfaction in Arabic mathematics with Euclid's abstract theory of proportions in Book 5. Al-Jaiyani, according to Yvonne Dold-Samplonius and Heinrich Hermelink, showed an understanding of this theory of proportions, which only reached Isaac Barrow in the West. Another treatise dealt with spherical trigonometry (Kitab madschhulat qisiyy al-kura, determination of the arc lengths on the surface of the sphere ), with manuscripts in the Escorial and the Laurenziana in Florence. The book influenced Regiomontanus .

He wrote a treatise on hydraulics and water meters ( Kitāb al-asrār fī natā'idsch al-Afkār ) and dealt with astronomy. So he calculated the angle of the sun below the horizon at dusk and dawn to be almost exactly 18 degrees (the corresponding work was translated into Latin as Liber de crepusculis and was printed in Lisbon in 1541) and published astronomical tables (Tabulae Jahen, by Gerhard translated from Arabic by Cremona ), also providing astrological information, rejecting the astrological theories of al-Chwarizmi , Claudius Ptolemy and Albumasar , using Indian sources instead. The tablets are based on those of al-Khwarizmi. They also contain rules for calculations, which were printed in Latin in Nuremberg in 1549 (Saraceni cuisdam de Eris).

literature

  • Emilia Calvo: Ibn Muʿādh: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Muʿādh al ‐ Jayyānī , in: Thomas Hockey (ed.), The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, Springer 2007, pp. 562-563.
  • Yvonne Dold-Samplonius , Heinrich Hermelink: Al-Jayyani, Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Mu'ahd , in Dictionary of Scientific Biography , Volume 7, pp. 82-83
  • NG Hairetdinova: On spherical trigonometry in the Medieval Near East and in Europe , Historia Math., Volume 13, 1986, pp. 136-146.
  • Heinrich Hermelink: Tabulae Jahen, Archives for the History of Exact Sciences, Volume 2, 1964, pp. 108-112
  • DR Hill: A treatise on machines by Ibn Mu'adh Abu 'Abd Allah al-Jayyani, J. Hist. Arabic Sci., Vol. 1, 1977, pp. 33-46.
  • AI Sabra: The Authorship of the Liber de Crepusculis, an Eleventh-Century Work on Atmospheric Refraction , Isis, Volume 58, 1977, pp. 77-85
  • MV Villuendas: La trigonometria europea en el siglo XI: Estudio de la obra de Ibn Mu'ad, 'el Kitab mayhulat', Barcelona, ​​1979

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ English translation in: EB Plooij, Euclid's conception of ratio, Rotterdam, 1950
  2. ↑ Dold-Samplonius, Hermelink, article al-Jayyani in Dict. Sci. Biogr.
personal data
SURNAME Jaiyānī, Ibn Muʿādh al-
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jayyani, Ibn Muadh al-
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Arab astronomer and mathematician
DATE OF BIRTH in the 10th or 11th century
PLACE OF BIRTH Spain
DATE OF DEATH in the 11th century