Idris (Koran)

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Prophet Idris visits the heavens ( Janna ) and hells ( Jahannam ), Persian miniature painting from 1577

Idris ( Arabic إدريس Idrīs ) is a figure from the Koran who is briefly mentioned twice and whose identity has not been fully clarified. He is described as a prophet of God ( Arabic   nabīy ), truthful ( Arabic   ṣiddīq ) and patient ( Arabic   ṣābir ). At the end of his life, according to the Koran, he was accepted into the mercy of God, which is usuallyinterpretedas a rapture .

The majority of Muslim exegetes identify him with Enoch , but Western Islamic scholars - u. a. by Theodor Nöldeke - mostly with an (Arabicized) transformation of the name "Andreas". This means either the figure "Andreas" in the (Syrian) Alexander novel (Alexander's cook, who by chance becomes immortal) or the apostle Andrew (especially as he is described in the apocryphal acts of the apostles "Acta Andreae").

According to a non-Koranic tradition, Asrael , the angel of death, asked God to visit Idris, because he prayed to God as often as all of humanity in his time. God allowed the angel of death and he visited Idris to break the fast. When the angel of death introduced himself to him, Idris asked that the angel show him heaven and hell so that his faith could be further strengthened.

Surname

The name "Idris", إدريس, has been described as possibly having the origin of the meaning "interpreter". It probably originated as a term in ancient Hebrew for "interpreter. Traditionally, Islam considered the prophet to have an interpretive and mystical role, and so this meaning found general acceptance. Later Muslim sources, those of the 8th century, began to claim that Idris had two names, "Idris" and "Enoch," and other sources even stated that "Idris' real name is Enoch and that he is called Idris in Arabic because of his devotion to studying the sacred books of his ancestors Adam and Set . Therefore, in these later sources it was also emphasized that Idris either means "interpreter" or has a meaning close to that of an interpretive role. Some of the classic Quran commentators, such as Al-Baizawi , said he was called "Idris" from the Arabic "dars" which means "to instruct" knowledge of divinity

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Koran 19:56
  2. ↑ Quran 21:85
  3. ↑ Quran 21:86
  4. ↑ See, among others, G. Vajda: "Idrīs". The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition . Brill, suffering. Volume 3, p. 1030.
  5. ↑ Heribert Busse Islamic Tales of Prophets and Men of God: Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyāʼ or ʻArāʼis al-maǧālis Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2006 ISBN 9783447052665 page 65
  6. ^ A Dictionary of Islam , TP Hughes, Ashraf Printing Press, repr. 1989, pg. 192