Industrial age
The industrial age is an epoch of mankind that began with the beginning of industrialization . Worldwide industrialization began in Great Britain with cotton processing and cloth production; with reference to this, the beginning of the industrial age is generally considered to be around 1760 in the 18th century. The information age begins with the technical innovations of the 1970s and 1980s .
Changes to be observed in the industrial age
Social changes
A previously unknown population growth based on the newly acquired knowledge of medicine and hygiene and the vehement industrialization heralded in Germany from around 1850 an epoch of extreme urban growth. Before the industrial revolution, most of the factories were located outside of the city, which is linked to water power . Now, in connection with the development and use of steam engines and the expansion of railways , these are increasingly concentrated in cities.
The industry followed the commercial, banking and insurance in the big cities and so favored the increasing industrialization. At the same time, the social structure of cities also changed. The social classes of employers and workers are constituted, as is the so-called “new middle class ” with civil servants and employees.
There was no urban planning, legal or scientific preparation for the quantitative increase in the urban population and the processes of social restructuring.
"Misunderstood liberalism and building police regulations, which allow the greatest possible use of land, often shape the shape of the Wilhelminian-era city."
The beginnings of planning law did not emerge until 1868 with the Baden and 1875 with the Prussian Flight Lines Act , which primarily assigned the surveyor to the task of town planning.
Reinhard Baumeister's (Karlsruhe 1833–1917) urban expansion in technical, building control and economic relationship appeared as the first basic urban planning summary in 1876 , which was followed in 1890 by Joseph Stübben's urban planning handbook . It was not until the end of the 19th century that the cornerstone of newer urban planning in Germany was laid.
The following graphs show some of the global changes seen over the course of the Industrial Age:
| Population development | biodiversity |
Land consumption ( land use changes ) |
|---|---|---|
Graphic (II) ( Living Planet Index ) |
||
| Standard of living | Global carbon emissions | Global warming |
Museum representations
- European Route of Industrial Heritage
- The Route of Industrial Culture is a project of the Regionalverband Ruhr (RVR) and connects the most important and touristically most attractive industrial monuments of the Ruhr area .
- A route of the Rhein-Main industrial culture has also existed since 2003 . It is intended to link industrial structures on the 160 kilometers between Miltenberg and Bingen am Rhein via Frankfurt am Main to form an adventure route through the industrial age in the Rhine-Main area . 700 buildings have already been scientifically recorded.
- World Heritage Site Alte Völklinger Hütte , one of the most important industrial monuments in Germany
See also
- Modern times
- Agenda 21
- Fourth assessment report of the IPCC # Results of the individual working groups
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Karsten Ley: The intellectualization of urban planning in Germany: Writings on urban planning and the emergence of a scientific discipline in the late 19th century . Publication server d. RWTH Aachen Univ, Aachen 2007 ( rwth-aachen.de [accessed June 2, 2020]).
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↑ On this, bildungsserver.de
and (table): Basic assumptions for the SRES scenario families - ↑ in the English language Wikipedia
- ↑ assets.panda.org (PDF)