Institute for the History of Medicine at the Medical University of Vienna

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Since 1888 Theodor Puschmann was professor for medical history in Vienna without an institute of his own. The few listeners in Puschmann's lectures included Arturo Castiglioni , Isidor Fischer and Max Neuburger , who later became the professor in Vienna.

Max Neuburger 1868-1955
Josephinum

Max Neuburger suggested the creation of the Institute for the History of Medicine in 1914 . In the summer of 1920 he was able to open this (after various provisional accommodations in the Medical Dean's Office and the 1st Medical Clinic) with the support of Clinic Director Karel Frederik Wenckebach in the Josephinum building . He headed the institute until his dismissal for racist reasons on April 22, 1938. Neuburger had been collecting medical objects, books and pictures since 1906. Until 1920, the collection items were stowed behind the lecture hall of the 1st Medical Clinic, then the Josephinum at Währinger Strasse 25 could be moved into, where they are housed to this day.

After the first international congress for the history of medicine in Antwerp, the “Société Internationale d'Histoire de Médecine” was founded in 1921. Strong forces in this society obtained a boycott against Germany and against the nations allied with Germany in the war . Karl Sudhoff in Leipzig and Max Neuburger in Vienna were particularly affected by this boycott . Thereupon Henry E. Sigerist boycotted the 1925 congress in Geneva together with the Anglo-Saxon medical historians Fielding Hudson Garrison , Arnold C. Klebs , Victor Robinson and Charles Singer . The remaining American group who took part succeeded in passing a resolution stipulating that all nations could be members of the international society in the future. On April 22, 1938, Neuburger was dismissed on racist grounds. At the 11th International Congress for the History of Medicine in Yugoslavia in autumn 1938, like his Italian colleague Arturo Castiglioni, he did not receive an exit permit.

After Neuburger, Fritz Lejeune headed the institute until 1945. Leopold Schönbauer (director of the first surgical university clinic in the general hospital ) became provisional director from 1945 until Erna Lesky was appointed professor for the subject and responsible for the house in 1960. In the following years, the heavily damaged building was completely renovated. Lesky's scientific work brought the institute new world renown.

literature

  • Erwin H. Ackerknecht : On the 100th birthday of Max Neuburger. In: Gesnerus, Volume 25 (1968) Issue 3–4, pp. 221–222 (digitized version )
  • Michael Hubenstorf. A “Viennese school” in medical history? - Max Neuburger and the forgotten German-speaking medical history. In: Medical history and social criticism. Festschrift for Gerhard Baader . Matthiesen, Husum 1997, pp. 246-289
  • Erna Lesky: The Vienna Institute for the History of Medicine at the Josephinum . ¹1969 ²1979
  • Max Neuburger: The Institute for the History of Medicine at the University of Vienna . In: Wiener medical Wochenschrift. Vienna: Springer 71 (1921), p. 70 f.
  • Helmut Wyklicky: The Josephinum. Biography of a house . 1985

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Hubenstorf. A “Viennese school” in medical history? - Max Neuburger and the forgotten German-speaking medical history. In: Medical history and social criticism. Festschrift for Gerhard Baader . Matthiesen, Husum 1997, pp. 246-289, here: pp. 286-287
  2. ↑ Karl Holubar : Karel Frederik Wenckebach (1864–1940) and the domicilization of the Institute for the History of Medicine in the historic building of the Joseph Academy in Vienna: 1990 as a double year of commemoration. In: Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. Vol. 102, 1990, pp. 333-337.
  3. ^ Karl Holubar: Neuburger, Max. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, p. 1031
  4. ↑ International Congresses for the History of Medicine 1920-1938: Antwerp 1920, Paris 1921, London 1922, Brussels 1923 (as part of the International Congress of Historians), Geneva 1925, Leiden-Amsterdam 1927, Oslo 1928 (as part of the International Congress of Historians), Rome 1930, Bucharest 1932, Madrid 1935, Yugoslavia 1938
  5. ^ Statutes of the "International Society of the History of Medicine". In: Annals of Medical History. B. Hoeber, New York, Volume 4, 1922, pp. 388-389 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  6. ↑ Huldrych M. Koelbing . In memory of Erna Lesky . In: Gesnerus 44 (1987), pp. 3-5

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