Arturo Castiglioni

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Arturo Castiglioni ca.1900
Arturo Castiglioni image of old age

Arturo Castiglioni (born April 10, 1874 in Trieste , Austria-Hungary , † January 21, 1953 in Milan ) was an Italian doctor and medical historian .

Live and act

Arturo Castiglioni was born in Trieste on April 10, 1874, the son of Vittorio Castiglioni and Enrichetta Bolaffio. In Trieste he also attended schools. After graduating from university in a humanistic field, he studied medicine in Vienna from 1892 to 1896 . His studies fell into the heyday of the Second Vienna Medical School . He was able to attend lectures by scientists of international importance: Siegmund Exner-Ewarten (physiology), Salomon Stricker (experimental pathology), Emil Zuckerkandl (anatomy), Richard Paltauf and Anton Weichselbaum (pathology), Hermann Nothnagel (internal medicine clinic), Theodor Billroth (Surgery), Richard von Krafft-Ebing and Julius Wagner-Jauregg (psychiatry). The Vienna Medical School was at the height of its conflict with Freud . Since 1888 Theodor Puschmann was professor for medical history in Vienna without an institute of his own. The few listeners in Puschmann's lectures included Castiglioni, Isidor Fischer and Max Neuburger , who later became the professor in Vienna.

From 1896 to 1898 Castiglioni worked for two years as an assistant in the Vienna Medical Clinic in the department of Leopold Schrötter von Kristelli . He then returned to Trieste, where he worked as an assistant doctor in the municipal hospital from 1898 to 1904. From 1899 to 1918 he was the chief doctor of the Austrian Lloyd and from 1918 to 1938 of the Lloyd Triestino and the Italian Line .

In 1921 he was a private lecturer in the history of medicine in Siena , and from 1922 to 1938 professor of the history of medicine in Padua .

With anti-Semitic grounds Castiglioni was relieved of his functions at the University of Padua. In September 1938, the Italian authorities refused him an exit visa to attend the 11th International Congress on the History of Medicine in Yugoslavia . In November 1939 he emigrated to the USA . At Yale University he became a research associate and lecturer, and in 1943 professor of the history of medicine. In 1942 the New York Society for Medical History elected him president. He obtained American citizenship in 1946, but returned to Europe in the summer of 1947, not to his hometown of Trieste, but to Milan . The forced emigration at an advanced age had left deep scars on the Castiglioni couple.

Henry E. Sigerist.

Epistola dedicatoria. Presented to Professor Arturo Castiglioni on the occasion of his seventieth birthday:

"For a man of your ardent patriotism it might have been tempting to adhere to a regime that was glorifying the nation and wanted to restore the Roman empire in all its grandeur and glory. Many succumbed to the temptation, and not only fools and opportunists. You did not. You were too much of a democrat and liberal to accept fascist tyranny. As a scientist and historian you saw through the hollowness of fascist rhetoric and knew only too well that the regime was leading the country, your beloved country, into a catastrophe. And so the day came when you had to take the bitter road into exile. "
“For an ardent patriot like you, it might be tempting to worship a regime that glorified the nation and sought to restore the Roman Empire in all its greatness and splendor. Many succumbed to this temptation, and not just stupid and opportunists. Not you. You were too much of a democrat and a liberal to accept fascist tyranny. As a scientist and historian, you recognized the emptiness of fascist rhetoric and you knew only too well that this regime was leading the country, your beloved country, into disaster. And so the day came when you had to take the bitter path into exile. "

Further activities in the field of medicine and medical history:

Works (selection)

  • La vita e l'opera di Santorio Capodistriano . 1920
    • Emile Law (translator). The life and work of Santorio Santorio (1561-1636) . Medical life press, New York 1932
  • Medici e medicine a Trieste al principio dell'Ottocento . G. Balestra, Trieste 1922
  • Il volto di Ippocrate. Istorie di medici e medicine d'altri tempi . Soc. Ed. Unitas, Milan 1925
  • Storia della medicina . Soc. Ed. Unitas, Milan 1927
    • 2nd edition 1933; 3rd revised edition 1936
    • J. Bertrand and F. Gidon (translators). Histoire de la médecine . Payot, Paris 1931
    • G. Stiassny (translator). History of medicine . Weidmann Medical Publishing House, Vienna and Leipzig 1938
    • E. Capdevilla y Casas (translator). Historia de la medicina . Salvat Editiones, Barcelona and Buenos Aires 1941
    • EB Krumbhaar (translator). A history of medicine . A. Knopf, New York 1941
  • The Italian teachers and doctors at the Vienna Medical School . Festschrift for Max Neuburger, Vienna 1928
  • Storia della tuberculosis . In: Trattato italiano delle tuberculosis. Volume I, Vallardi Milan 1931
    • History of tuberculosis . Froben Press, New York 1933
  • The Renaissance of Medicine in Italy . Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore 1933
  • L'orto della sanitá. Librerie Italiane Riunite, Bologna 1935 (digitized)
  • Aulus Cornelius Celsus as a Historian of Medicine . (Transactions of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the American Association of the History of Medicine. The Fielding H. Garrison Lecture.) In: Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Baltimore, Volume 8 (1940), pp. 587 ff.
  • Galileo Galilei and his influence on the evolution of medical thought . In: Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Volume 12 (1942), No 2
  • The origin of the University of Vienna and the rise of the Medical School . In: Ciba Symposia. June – July 1947 (digitized version)
  • Gerolamo Fracastoro e la dottrina del contagium vivum . In: Gesnerus, Volume 8 (1951), pp. 52–65 (digitized version )
  • The bloodletting . In: Ciba-Zeitschrift 66, Volume 6, Wehr / Baden 1954, pp. 2186-2216.

literature

  • Henry E. Sigerist .
    • Epistola dedicatoria, Vita and extensive bibliography . In: Essays in the History of Medicine. Presented to Professor Arturo Castiglioni on the occasion of his seventieth birthday . Supplements of the Bulletin of the History of Medicine No. 3, Baltimore 1944, pp. 1-15
    • Arturo Castiglioni . In: Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Volume 27 (1953), pp. 387-389
  • John Farquhar Fulton . Arturo Castiglioni . In: Journal of the History of Medicine, Volume 8 (1953), pp. 129-132
  • Hans Fischer . Arturo Castiglioni . In: Gesnerus, Volume 11 (1954), pp. 53–54 (digitized version )

Web links

Commons : Arturo Castiglioni  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Hubenstorf. A “Viennese School” in the history of medicine? - Max Neuburger and the forgotten German-speaking medical history. In: Medical history and social criticism. Festschrift for Gerhard Baader . Matthiesen, Husum 1997, pp. 246-289, here: pp. 286-287
  2. ↑ Henry E. Sigerist. Yugoslavia and the XI-th International Congress of the History of Medicine . In: Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Volume 7 (1939), p. 108
  3. ↑ Henry E. Sigerist. Epistola dedicatoria . In: Essays in the History of Medicine. Presented to Professor Arturo Castiglioni on the occasion of his seventieth birthday . Supplements of the Bulletin of the History of Medicine No. 3, Baltimore 1944, pp. 1-7
  4. ↑ Henry E. Sigerist. Arturo Castiglioni . In: Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Volume 27 (1953), pp. 387-389
  5. ^ Henry E. Sigerist : Epistola dedicatoria . In: Essays in the History of Medicine. Presented to Professor Arturo Castiglioni on the occasion of his seventieth birthday . Supplements of the Bulletin of the History of Medicine No 3, Baltimore 1944, p. 2
personal data
SURNAME Castiglioni, Arturo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian doctor and medical historian
DATE OF BIRTH April 10, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Trieste
DATE OF DEATH January 21, 1953
Place of death Milan