Karel Frederik Wenckebach

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Karel Frederik Wenckebach , also known as Karl Friedrich Wenckebach and Karl Frederik Wenckebach (born March 24, 1864 in The Hague ; † November 11, 1940 in Vienna ), was a Dutch doctor, internist , cardiovascular specialist.

Portrait of Hans Stalzer
Memorial stone at Wenckebachstrasse 23, in Berlin-Tempelhof

Life

Karel's father was Eduard Wenckebach (1813–1874), who laid telegraph lines, and his mother Maria Geertruida Elisabeth Cornelissen. He had two older brothers: Willem Reymert Ludwig (1860-1937), a painter and illustrator, and Henri Johan Eduard (1861-1924), who was the director of Dutch Ironworks in Ijmuiden. Willem was also the teacher of Karel's son Oswald (1895–1962), who also became a painter and sculptor. According to his designs, Dutch coins were issued between 1948 and 1981.

Wenckebach attended grammar school and from 1881 the University of Utrecht . Because of his financial need, he received a study allowance from the Army Ministry, which obliged him to become a military doctor after completing his training, a position he did not have to take on. In 1888 he received his doctorate and initially worked as an assistant at the institutes for zoology, pathology and anatomy in Utrecht. When he noticed his color blindness, he quickly switched to physiology, because he would have had no future in zoology.

From 1891 he practiced as a country doctor in Heerlen, in the south-east of the Netherlands. But in 1896 he went back to the University of Utrecht, where the German physiologist Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann became his mentor. In 1901 he was appointed professor of internal medicine and chief physician at the University of Groningen because of his arrhythmia studies in Utrecht .

In the years 1898 to 1901 Wenckebach published his sphygmographic studies for the analysis of the irregular pulse and based on the findings set up a rhythm scheme for the analysis of the irregular pulse.

As early as 1898/99 his studies on the description of extrasystole and on the discovery of the Wenckebach period .

“ In 1906/07, in his contributions to the knowledge of human heart activity, he described the Wenckebach bundle named after him , an internodal bundle that emanates from the upper and posterior edge of the sinus node, encompasses the superior vena cava to the rear and crosses the intercavernous sinus and pulls in the intercavernosal septum to the AV node. “His work The irregular heartbeat and its clinical significance appeared in 1914. In this essay, which has become a classic in the rhythmological literature, Wenckebach describes the observations made by chance in a patient with atrial fibrillation about the effectiveness of the antiarrhythmic substance quinine . Wenckebach is therefore to be regarded as the founder of drug arrhythmia treatment.

In 1911 he was appointed professor at the University of Strasbourg , where he taught until 1914. From 1914 to 1929 he was a professor in Vienna. Here he was one of the pioneers of the Vienna Medical School .

He also helped set up the Vienna Institute for the History of Medicine in the buildings of the former Vienna Military Academy ( Josephinum ). He made particular merits in researching the heart u. Circulatory disorders.

He ended his professional life at the age of 65. He was one of the founders of modern scientific medicine. His final resting place is in the Grinzing community cemetery.

Honors

Wenckebach was a member of over 30 scientific societies and has received high awards. In 1925 he was elected a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina .

The AV block II ° type 1 is named after him. The former military hospital in Berlin-Tempelhof was renamed " Wenckebach Hospital " in 1951. Moltkestrasse, located next to the hospital, was renamed Wenckebachstrasse on February 13, 1957. In 1962 Wenckebachgasse in Vienna Döbling (19th district) was named after him.

Publications (selection)

  • Experiment en kliniek (1901), Groningen
  • Arrhythmia as an expression of certain functional disorders of the heart. A physiological-clinical study (1903), Leipzig, 193 pp.
  • Contributions to the knowledge of the human heart activity (1906-08), 3 volumes, In: Archive for Physiology
  • The irregular heartbeat and its clinical significance (1914), Verlag W. Engelmann, Leipzig / Berlin
  • About the man of 50 years (1915)
  • Angina pectoris (1926)
  • The irregular heartbeat and its clinical significance. Leipzig 1927, together with Heinrich Winterberg, Leipzig
  • Heart and circulation in Beriberi disease (1929), together with WC Aalsmer, Berlin / Vienna
  • Cardiac and circulatory insufficiency (1931)
  • Medical practice. Volume 12 (1931), Dresden / Leipzig
  • The beri-beri heart. J. Springer, Berlin / Vienna 1934

In cooperation with W. Falta, he also edited the Vienna Archive for Internal Medicine from 1920 .

literature

  • GA Lindeboom: Karel Frederik Wenckebach. Haarlem 1965.
  • Helmut Wyklicky: Wenckebach, Karel Frederik. In: Werner E. Gerabek u. a. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of medical history. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1471 f.
  • Joachim Winkelmann: Karel Frederik Wenckebach. For the 100th anniversary of his birthday. In: Medical World. 1964, pp. 641-647.

Web links

Commons : Karel Frederik Wenckebach  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ludwig Oswald Wenckebach> Coin Catalog ( Memento of the original from October 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / de.ucoin.net
  2. ↑ Wẹnckebach periodic : Anomaly of the heart rhythm with regular failure of a ventricular excitation after several normal systoles, which represents a special form of partial atrioventricular heart block and in which the PQ interval increases until a QRS complex fails "
  3. ↑ Wẹnckebach bundle : bundled muscle fibers that run from the right atrium of the heart to the superior vena cava
  4. ↑ Berndt Lüderitz: Gesch. Cardiac arrhythmias , pp. 62-65
  5. ^ List of members Leopoldina, Karel Frederik Wenckebach
personal data
SURNAME Wenckebach, Karel Frederik
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wenkebach, Karl Frederik
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch internist
DATE OF BIRTH March 24, 1864
PLACE OF BIRTH The hague
DATE OF DEATH November 11, 1940
Place of death Vienna