Invertebrates

Some invertebrates

Invertebrates , Invertebrata (Evertebrata) are the multicellular animals without a spine , i.e. all Metazoa with the exception of the vertebrates (Vertebrata). Most of the known animal species belong to this informal group ( form taxon ) of living beings, which were formerly also called lower animals in science . The term "invertebrates" was introduced in the early 19th century by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck to differentiate it from vertebrates.

Systematics

The invertebrates are not a natural kinship group ( Monophylum ), the term only has a descriptive, non- systematic character. The invertebrates include two of the three major groups (sub-tribes) of the chordates (chordata) and all taxa of the "non-chordates" in the animal kingdom.

Overview of the taxa (classical system)

• Non-woven fabric (Parazoa)
  • Sponges (Porifera)
  • Plate animals (Placozoa)
• Tissue animals (Eumetazoa)
  • Radially symmetrical animals ( Radiata )
    • Coelenterates (Coelenterata)
      • Rib jellyfish (Ctenophora)
      • Cnidarians (Cnidaria)
  • Bilaterally symmetrical animals (Bilateralia)
    • Primordial mouths (protostomia)
      • Arm pods (Brachiopoda)
      • Tardigrade (Tardigrada)
      • Arthropod (arthropoda)
      • Hedgehog worms or star worms (Echiurida)
      • Cupworms (Kamptozoa)
      • Bryozoans (Bryozoa)
      • Arrow worms (Chaetognata)
      • Flatworms (Plathelminthes)
      • Annelids (Annelida)
      • Tubular worms (nemathelminthes)
      • String worms (Nemertini)
      • Squirtworms (Sipunculida)
      • Molluscs (mollusca)
    • Neumünder (Deuterostomia, with the exception of vertebrates)
      • Echinoderms (Echinodermata)
      • Gillfish (Hemichordata)
      • Chordates (chordata)
        • Tunicates (Urochordata = Tunicata)
        • Skullless (Cephalochordata = Acrania)

See also

• Systematics of the animal kingdom

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Lexicon of Biology - Invertebrates

literature

• Wilfried Westheide, Reinhard Rieger (Hrsg.): Special zoology. Part 1: Protozoa and invertebrates. Second edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, 2006, ISBN 3-8274-1575-6 .
• Kühlmann, Kilias, Moritz, Rauschert: European invertebrates. ISBN 3-7402-0087-1 .
• W. Lechthaler: Macrozoobenthos - Key to Families of Macroinvertebrates in European Freshwaters. Eutaxa self-publisher, Vienna 2009, ISBN 3-9501839-5-7 .

Web links

Commons : Invertebrates  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Species diversity: number of invertebrates halved - In Spektrum.de from July 25, 2014
• Invertebrate Center , vivaristic information site about terrestrial invertebrates