Ioan Piuariu-Molnar

Ioan Piuariu-Molnar (alias Joseph Müller von Müllersheim ) (* 1749 in Zood ( Sadu ), Transylvania, † March 16, 1815 in Sibiu ) was a Romanian ophthalmologist and writer. His father was the pastor Ioan Piuariu ( Popa Tunsu ).

Ophthalmologist

A Greek doctor taught him the first rudimentary knowledge of ophthalmology and in 1768, at the age of 19, he began to apply his knowledge. He studied medicine in Sibiu and in 1773/74 in Vienna , where he obtained his master's degree (and continued his education in 1777/78). In between he worked as a teacher and doctor at the First Romanian-Banat Border Regiment. In 1777 he became regional ophthalmologist in Sibiu and in 1791 professor of ophthalmology at the Academic Lyceum in Cluj-Napoca . He was the first Romanian graduate doctor. His opening lecture, printed in 1793, marked the beginning of Romanian medical literature.

The Transylvanian medical historian Valeriu Lucian Bologa (1892–1971) dealt with Ioan Piuariu-Molnar in several publications.

Politicians and teachers

In 1784 the government commissioned him to lead the peace negotiations with the rebels led by Horea . He drew up a plan to reorganize and expand the Romanian Orthodox schools.

Educator and publicist

He was a Freemason , enthusiastic about the ideals of the French Revolution and tried to realize the ideas of the Enlightenment . In 1791 he was co-author of the Supplex Libellus Valachorum petition . He also created the first practical and economic work in Romanian. He translated u. a. historical works and had ecclesiastical books printed for the Romanians at their own expense.

From 1789 he applied for the privilege to publish a newspaper aimed at the farmers in Romanian. Practical advice was intended to encourage the peasants to work hard and to be morally educated. Although Molnar received the desired privilege, the paper could not appear because the post office refused to give free transportation and he did not have enough capital. A number may have appeared in 1791. His attempt to publish a newspaper with the Romanian from Banat Paul Iorgovici (1764–1808) in Vienna was also unsuccessful. He made further attempts in 1793 and 1795, but in 1794 his request for the renewal of the newspaper privilege was rejected with reference to the events in France.

Entrepreneur

In 1800 he founded a cloth factory in Zood , for which he received a privilege in 1811.

Works

• Economia stupilor (The economy of the beehives); 1785; Second edition in 1808, expanded with practical examples
• German-Wallachian language teaching ; 1788
• Paraenesis ad auditores chyrurgiae in Lyceo Regio Academico Claudiopolitano ; 1793
• Sfătuire către studenții în chirurgie - (1793)
• Supplex Libellus Valachorum - (1791)
• Retorica, adica învațătura și întocmirea frumoasei cuvântări (rhetoric, i.e. the doctrine of beautiful sentence order); 1798; reissued by Aurel Sasu in 1976
• Vocabularium nemtesc si romanesc (German-Wallachian dictionary); 1822

literature

• Mihai Racovițan, Eugen Străuțiu: Ioan Piuariu-Molnar și activitatea sa culturală , în: Transilvania 1/2002.
• C. Bodea:  Piuariu Molnar (Müller von Müllersheim) Ioan. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 8, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1983, ISBN 3-7001-0187-2 , p. 109.
• Bologa, Valeriu L., Spielmann, József and Szőkefalvi Nagy, Zoltán: Date noi cu privila la activitatea lui Ion Piuariu-Molnar , In: Studii revistă de istorie , Ed. Acad. RSR vol. 24 (1971), no. 4, Bucureşti 1971.

Individual evidence

1. ^ The Beginnings of Modern National Cultures
2. ↑ ENDA - Svpplex Libellvs Valachorum. Retrieved July 10, 2020 . 
3. ^ Historian Ioan Lupaș (1850–1967): Studii istorice (Historical Studies); Sibiu - Cluj, 1945