Hymenophore
The hymenophore is part of the fruiting body (in Agaricomycotina ) or the fruit bearing (in Ustilaginomycotina , Pucciniomycotina ) of the mushrooms (Basidiomycota). Sac fungi (Ascomycota) and belly mushrooms accordingly (Gasteromycetes) have no hymenophore. The hymenophore can for example be designed in the form of lamellae , tubes , pores , ridges or spines ; it is the bearer of the hymenium .
The hymenophore consists of a sham tissue ( plectenchyma ). A hymenophore may be missing if the basidia are formed directly on the surface, as is the case with the family of the club relatives (Clavariaceae). This shape is often referred to as a smooth hymenophore .
Until the 20th century, the basic structure of the hymenophore was used to systematize fungi. However, it turned out that this is not necessarily related to the evolutionary development and therefore does not have to reflect relationships. These are more evident in the structure of the flesh of the hymenophore (Hymenophoral trama ).
Names for the different forms of the hymenophore
- poroid
- The hymenophore has clear pores, the edge of which is sterile.
- raduloid
- The hymenophore is tooth-shaped.
- phleboid
- The hymenophore consists of folds that are not or hardly networked.
- irpicoid
- The hymenophore has broad, flat, more or less overgrown growths.
- merulioid
- The hymenium is wrinkled-poroid or wrinkled-pitted, the edges of the pores are fertile.
- hydnoid
- The hymenophore consists of slender spines that are usually longer than 1 mm.
- odontioid
- The hymenophore consists of spines that are often eyelashed at the tip and rarely longer than 0.5 mm.
Dense lamellae of the meadow mushroom ( Agaricus campestris )
Strongly cross-linked lamellae of the date brown Ellerling ( Cuphophyllus colemannianus )
Yellow tubular layer of the king's boletus ( Boletus regius )
Last of the common chanterelle ( Cantharellus cibarius )
Spines of the ear spoon ( Auriscalpium vulgare )
literature
- Heinrich Dörfelt , Gottfried Jetschke (Ed.): Dictionary of mycology . 2nd Edition. Spectrum, Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg et al. 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9 .