Isaac de Caus
Isaac de Caus (also de Caux , * 1590 in Dieppe ; † 1648 in Paris ), the younger brother of the more famous Salomon de Caus , was a French architect , garden architect , engineer and etcher . He mainly worked in England, where he designed numerous gardens in close collaboration with Inigo Jones in the first half of the 17th century. His most famous works are the grotto at Woburn Abbey and the largest Renaissance gardenEngland at Wilton House (picture), where he also designed the grotto and south facade.
biography
There is uncertainty about the relationship between I. de Caus and Salomon de Caus , as there is about some data from his life. I. de Caus is also referred to as the nephew or son of Salomon de Caus, considering the age difference of only 14 years. I. de Caus seems to have gone to England in 1611 and worked there briefly with Salomon de Caus. For a visit from King Louis XIII. in Dieppe in 1617 he built a hydraulic device with chirping birds and a crowned fountain. His other known works are located in England, where he was naturalized in 1634. I. de Caus was buried in Paris on February 24, 1648.
Grottoes and Gardens
I. de Caus' first work in England, known to be his own, was the grotto in the basement of the Banqueting House in Whitehall in 1623 , for which Inigo Jones was responsible as the architect. Contact with Jones would later prove fruitful for I. de Caus. For Henry Clifford, 5th Earl of Cumberland, he created another grotto and friezes in 1626 in the Desormais room of the gatehouse of Skipton Castle . The grotto was badly damaged in the Civil War, but had the same handwriting as the grotto at Woburn Abbey , which he created for Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford. The collaboration with the latter was initiated by Inigo Jones and lasted about 6 years. For Lucy Russell, Countess of Bedford, née Harington, he designed the garden of the manor house in Moor Park in 1627 and the said garden of Wilton House in Wiltshire in 1632 .
Architectural work
Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke and owner of Wilton House, decided at the behest of King Charles I to build the garden and to have the old south facade rebuilt. The king recommended his court architect Inigo Jones, who, however, was bound in Greenwich. The project was entrusted to I. de Caus, who had to take Jones' advice into account. The south facade and the Bedford Estate with adjoining piazza in Covent Garden (1633/34) are I. de Caus' first architectural works. Presumably in the 1640s he built several “courtier houses”. Today I. de Caus is considered an important architect of the classical baroque in England .
Fonts
In his book "Nouvelle invention de lever l'eau plus hault que sa source avec quelques machines mouvantes par le moyen de l'eau, et un discours de la conduite d'icelle" ( French New Invention of lifting water above its source with help some machines that are driven by water, and a treatise on the management of the same ) I. de Caus plagiarized to a large extent the work "Les raisons des forces mouvantes avec diverses machines" by Salomon de Caus from 1615, published 30 years earlier, which damaged the reputation of his person and his work. In his book I. de Caus concentrated on the basics and the techniques for raising water, drawing on the Aristotelian philosophy of nature, which divides movements into natural and non-natural, forced. In 26 illustrations, I. de Caus explained water lifting machines and drives that were moved by water wheels and pumps. Possible intentions for the writing of the work may have been to acquire orders or to increase the level of awareness.
After his death in 1657 the book was reprinted by Thomas Davies and in 1659 the first English translation by John Leak was published by Joseph Moxon in London . By expanding the title, driving a mobile Perpetuum (and usefulness for all kinds of people english all sorts of people ) announced reached Maxon a paragraph that justified a re-issue of the 1704th
In the introduction to his book I. de Caus announced that he would write a commentary on weights and objects sinking in water. There is also a reference to a treatise on geometry and perspective. However, the existence and fate of both works are unclear.
art
The etching "Hortus Penbrochianus" devoted I. de Caus 1630 his masterpiece Wilton Garden. The garden vedute was probably a presentation for the customer of the planned garden, Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke. It is the first engraved garden panorama in England and is based on Salomon de Caus' Heidelberg garden monograph "Scenographia". In 1645 an engraving with a slightly different decoration appeared.
The perspective of the picture is similar to that which would appear from an upper floor of the country house. The rectangular garden, framed by an accessible wall, consists of three transverse parts that are separated by paths. The pattern of the Broderieparterre in the front part is taken from designs by André Mollet , with whom I. de Caus worked in Somerset from 1630 to 33 . The four parterres show fountains with marble sculptures by Nicholas Stone in the middle. One figure shows Venus carrying her son Cupid, the second Diana with her bath towel, the third Susanna pulling a thorn out of her foot, and the fourth is Cleopatra with the snake. The Nadder flows across the central area of the garden and is bridged by the Mittelweg. There are arcades to the side, which continue as galleries in the third, rear part of the garden. Between the middle and the rear part are two transverse water basins with columns, the rotating crowns of which spray fountains. In the center of the third area is a sculpture known as a gladiator . The grotto house can be seen in the background, which offers a view of the garden and the surrounding area from the Belvedere .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Foundation Schloss und Park Benrath (ed.): Miracles and Science . Salomon de Caus and the automaton art in gardens around 1600. Grupello Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-89978-100-7 , On the person of Isaac de Caus and his automaton art in Wilton House, p. 222-225 .
- ^ The List Search Results for Isaac de Caus. Historic England, 2017, accessed June 15, 2017 .
- ↑ Isaac de Caus (Works). Parks and Gardens, 2016, accessed June 15, 2017 .
- ↑ a b Isaac de Caus. Trinity College Library, Cambridge, accessed June 14, 2017 .
- ↑ a b Isaac de Caus (person). Parks and Gardens, 2016, accessed June 10, 2017 (English, contains further references.).
- ^ Dianne Duggan: Isaac de Caus: surveyor, grotto and garden designer . In: Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes . tape 29 , no. 3 , 2009, ISSN 1943-2186 , p. 152-168 , doi : 10.1080 / 14601170902818462 .
- ↑ Isaac de Caus: Nouvelle intervention de lever l'eau plus hault que sa source avec quelques machines mouvantes par le moyen de l'eau, et un discours de la conduite d'icelle . London 1644 ( online posthumous edition of 1657).
- ^ British Museum - Image gallery: Speculum Romanae Magnificentiae / Scenographia Hortus Palatinus a Friderico Rege Boemiae electore Palatino Heidelbergae extructus 1620 Salomon de Caus architecto. Trustees of the British Museum, 2017, accessed June 17, 2017 .
Web links
- Edwin Smith: Woburn Abbey: the grotto. RIBA, accessed on June 14, 2017 .
- Isaac de Caus, Wilton Garden. Metropolitan Museum of Art , accessed June 14, 2017 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Caus, Isaac de |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Caux, Isaac de |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French architect, horticultural architect, engineer and eraser |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1590 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Dieppe |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1648 |
| Place of death | Paris |