Isaak Konstantinowitsch Kikoin

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Grave of Isaak Konstantinowitsch Kikoin in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.

Isaak Kikoin ( Russian Исаак Константинович Кикоин * March 15 . Jul / 28. March  1908 greg. In Žagarė on the northern border of Lithuania ; † 28. December 1984 in Moscow ) was a Soviet physicist .

life and work

He was the son of a mathematics teacher, attended the technical school in Pleskau ( Pskov ) and then studied at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute . Here he developed an interest in the effect of magnetic fields on the electromagnetic properties of condensed matter. With his experiments in the pre-war period he gained international reputation. He was the first to show that the Hall effect occurs when a magnetic field acts on liquid metal and that the conductivity changes. This experiment gained great importance for the quantum theory of electrical conductivity.

In 1933 he and his student MN Noskov discovered the photoelectromagnetic effect (Kikoin-Noskov effect; a photomagnetic effect in semiconductors ).

In 1936 he measured the gyromagnetic ratio in superconductors in the physical technical institute in the Urals .

At the beginning of the Second World War , his scientific interest switched to solving practical industrial problems.

He was one of the first Soviet scientists who started nuclear development with Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov in 1943 and founded the Kurchatov Institute , which developed the first Soviet nuclear reactor in 1946 . He examined various methods of uranium enrichment . He first worked with Fritz Lange on the gas centrifuge . When in 1944 the Russian intelligence service brought the news that the Americans had built a large diffusion plant for isotope separation , it stopped this work until 1953 and concentrated on the diffusion method .

In 1951 he became a hero of socialist labor , in 1953 an academician , in 1971 he was awarded the Kurchatov gold medal and in 1978 the Lebedev gold medal .

Records and honors

literature

  • Academician Isaak Konstantinovich Kikoin (March 28, 1908 – December 28, 1984) . In: Atomic Energy . tape 64 , 1988, pp. 291-292 , doi : 10.1007 / BF01123144 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Igor N. Golovin: "Hurry up, comrades!" ( Memento from March 25, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) - Stalin's atomic bomb program
  2. ↑ Oleg Bukharin: Russia'S Gaseous Centrifuge Technology And Uranium Enrichment Complex . ( Memento from February 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ; PDF) January 2004
  3. ↑ a b c biography of Isaak Kikoin. In: WarHerous. Retrieved June 27, 2018 (Russian).
personal data
SURNAME Kikoin, Isaak Konstantinowitsch
BRIEF DESCRIPTION soviet physicist
DATE OF BIRTH March 28, 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH Žagarė on the northern border of Lithuania
DATE OF DEATH December 28, 1984
Place of death Moscow