Islamic ethics

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Different conceptions can be described as Islamic ethics , which have been represented in the past and present by Islamic teachers, lawyers and philosophers and which can partly be identified more or less directly as the content of the Koran, Hadith and other traditions.

Sources of law and ethical norms according to classical understanding

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The Koran is the first and indisputable source of Islamic commandments. In addition, in almost all directions of Islam, traditions of the words and actions of Muhammad ( Hadith ) are recognized as the source of divine commandments, since he is considered the Messenger of God (Rasul Allah). Where these sources are insufficient, analogy conclusions ( qiyas ) and traditional consensus ( ijma ') are used. Through the ijma, a large number of customs that were widespread at the time of Muhammad became part of Islamic norms. The assumption that the customs that Muhammad implicitly approved as Messenger of Allah correspond to the divine commandments plays a role here . In classical Islam, religious and moral norms are part of Sharia , i.e. Islamic law. When it is interpreted by the Islamic jurisprudence Fiqh , however, there is often room for interpretation. Above all in the Adab literature, rules of correct behavior that go beyond Sharia law were passed on.

Fundamentally, according to the classical understanding, the norms of action are based on their validity and their material content directly on the commandments of Allah . Human reason can therefore not set its own norms of action, but only try to recognize and apply the revealed norms. Peter Antes explains this traditional understanding as follows: "Good and bad are (consequently) not essential characteristics that are inherent in" these "behaviors; they stem solely from categories of positive positing, because God" does what he wants "( Koran 11,107 Therefore, human reason is inherently incapable of accurately recognizing the qualification "good - bad" and performing it independently ... Accordingly, good is always what God commands, and bad / bad is what he forbids. " Understood in this way, classical Islamic ethics appears as a variant of so-called Divine Command theories .

Many Muslim theologians see the golden rule " Whatever you want someone to do to you, do the other too! " Implied in some of the suras of the Koran and in the Hadith . The Muslims have the Golden Rule as "irrevocable, unconditional norm for all areas of life" in the " Declaration of the World Parliament of Religions - The Global Ethic -Declaration " 1993 approved.

Ethical conceptions in Islamic philosophy

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Sometimes the Arabic word akhlāq is translated as "Islamic ethics", but it rather describes the doctrine of the characteristics of people.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Antes, lc
  2. ↑ Declaration of the Parliament of the World Religions - The Global Ethic Declaration and its signatories. (PDF in Arabic, Bahasa Malaysia, Bulgarian, Chinese, German, English, French, Italian, Catalan, Croatian, Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, Slovenian, Spanish, Turkish) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 30th 2013 ; Retrieved August 17, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.weltethos.org

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