Izaak Kramsztyk

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Gravestone of Izaak Kramsztyk in the Jewish Cemetery in Warsaw after the renovation in summer 2010

Izaak Kramsztyk (* 1814 in Warsaw ; † September 24, 1889 ) was a Polish rabbi , publicist and patriot. He was the grandfather of Roman Kramsztyk .

Life

Kramsztyk was born as the son of a wealthy and respected Jewish merchant in the Praga district of Warsaw . He studied - against the will of his parents - at the Warsaw Rabbi School founded in 1826, where he taught the Talmud from 1837 until the institution was forced to close in 1863 . As a reformer, he taught him as the school's first teacher in Polish. On April 10, 1852, he was the first rabbi to give a Polish-language sermon in the newly opened Warsaw synagogue on Nalewki Street.

Resistance to Russian occupiers

Kramsztyk was a well-known advocate for Polish independence during the Russian occupation . In 1861, together with Rabbis Dow Ber Meisels and Marcus Jastrow, he advocated the closure of Jewish places of worship - as a sign of solidarity with the Catholic Church, whose churches had been vandalized by Russian Cossack troops. On March 2, 1861, the three rabbis took part in a demonstration on the occasion of the funeral of five Polish victims in clashes with Russian units on February 27, 1861 in the Powązki cemetery . As a result, the rabbis were arrested and briefly imprisoned. In November 1861, Kramsztyk was arrested again and held in the Warsaw Citadel prison for several months . He was expelled from occupied Poland and sent into exile in Bobruisk . However, he returned to Warsaw and worked briefly for the government of Aleksander Wielopolski , for which he developed ideas for reforming the education of Jews. In 1863 he took part in the January uprising and was arrested again after the uprising was put down and this time exiled to Siberia . He did not return to Warsaw until May 1867. After his return, as politically unreliable, he was no longer allowed to work as a rabbi or teacher.

Writer and author

Kramsztyk was a recognized author and translator of Jewish writings. In 1856 he published the first part of "Kazania" ( Sermons ) in Polish. His work also included “O Talmudzie”, a translation of Emanuel Oskar Deutsch's work on the Talmud, the moral theological text “Amude ha-dat ve-yesode ha-musar” ( The Pillars of Faith and the Foundation of Morality ) and a Polish translation of the Biblical Book of Psalms ("Przypowieści Salomona"). Another edition of the "Kazania" appeared posthumously.

Kramsztyk died after a long illness in 1889; he was buried in the Jewish cemetery on Okopowa Street in Warsaw (area 26, row 11). Some of his children belonged to the influential Jewish bourgeoisie in Warsaw.

Publications (selection)

  • Jutrzence
  • Izraelicie
  • Przypowieści Salomonowe , 1878
  • Prawda wiary, czyli zasady religii mojżeszowej , 1971
  • Kazania Izaaka Kramsztyka , 1892

Web links

  • François Guesnet, detailed portrait in The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe (English)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b according to MK, Article Dzięki datkom wyremontują dwie kwatery na Cmentarzu Żydowskim ( Memento of the original dated February 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zyciewarszawy.pl archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in Zycie Warszawy on November 3, 2010 (in Polish)
  2. ↑ Dow Ber Meisels (1798-1870) was the chief rabbi of Cracow from 1832 and from 1856 in the same position in Warsaw.
  3. ↑ Zygmunt Kramsztyk (1848–1920), Polish ophthalmologist and publicist; Julian Kramsztyk (1851–1925), Polish pediatrician; Feliks Kramsztyk (1853–1918), Polish lawyer and publicist; Stanisław Kramsztyk (1841–1906), Polish mathematician and educator
personal data
SURNAME Kramsztyk, Izaak
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish rabbi, publicist and patriot
DATE OF BIRTH 1814
PLACE OF BIRTH Warsaw
DATE OF DEATH September 24, 1889