Roman Kramsztyk
Roman Kramsztyk (born August 18, 1885 in Warsaw , Russian Empire ; died August 6, 1942 in the Warsaw Ghetto ) was a Polish painter of Jewish origin. He was a representative of the neoclassical movement of the 1920s and 1930s.
Life
Kramsztyk was born as the son of Julian Kramsztyk and grandson of Izaak Kramsztyk into an educated and assimilated Jewish Warsaw family. He was trained in painting under Zofia Stankiewicz , Adolf Edward Herstein and Miłosz Kotarbiński in Warsaw. From 1903 to 1904 he studied in Cracow at the Art Academy under Józef Mehoffer . He continued these studies from May 4, 1904 at the Royal Academy of Arts in Munich with Johann Caspar Herterich . He spent the years 1910 to 1914 in Paris; During this time he became a member of the 1915 reactivated Polish Society for Art and Literature (in Polish: "Polskie Towarzystwo Artystyczno-Literackie"). During the First World War he was in Poland, where in 1918 he became a member of the New Group (in Polish: "Nowa Grupa"). He then attended the Herstein School in Warsaw . In 1922 he was a co-founder of the artist group "Rytm" and then returned to Paris for good. He visited Poland once a year, and in 1939 he was surprised by the outbreak of World War II on one of these visits . Although he did not speak Yiddish and was rather alien to Judaism , he decided to stay in the Warsaw ghetto . The drawings he made there vividly testify to the poverty, hunger and death of the Jews during the Holocaust . Kramsztyk was shot dead by a member of the so-called Vlasov Army when the ghetto was liquidated by German units in 1942 .
The Polish artists Przemysław Gintrowski and Jacek Kaczmarski processed the life of Kramsztyks in 1993 in the song "Kredka Kramsztyka" (Kramsztyks colored pencil).
plant
He was a representative of the classicist style in Polish painting. Like many of his painting colleagues of the time, his technique and composition were also heavily influenced by Paul Cézanne's works. He painted portraits, figurative scenes, still lifes and nudes. Kramsztyk is also known for his passion for pastels and red chalk . At first he only used a limited number of colors, mainly white, black, cold greens and dark reds. Objects were separated by thin black lines. He often painted older women, including Chinese and Africans, but also landscapes from southern France and Spain. After 1918 he mainly painted figural scenes and groups, nudes as well as portraits of intellectuals and artists - the latter often in the style of the old masters ( Cinquecento style , Peter Paul Rubens , Leonardo da Vinci ). No Jewish themes appeared in his work until World War II. In the last years of his life, however, he captured harrowing scenes of the destruction of Jewish life in the Warsaw ghetto.
In Paris, his works were exhibited at a number of Parisian salons , including the Autumn Salon of 1908, the Salon des Indépendants of 1911, 1912, 1913, 1925 and 1926, the Salon des Tuileries in 1928, 1929, 1930 and 1939, and in 1925 and 1928 in at Galerie Druet , in 1930 and 1937 in Galerie Żak and in 1935 in Galerie Des Beaux-Arts . In 1937 he was an exhibiting participant in the Paris World Exhibition in 1937 and at the 1939 World Exhibition in New York. Pictures of him have also been taken in Barcelona (1912), Berlin (1912, 1914), Brussels (1929), Edinburgh (1933), Krakow (1922), Lemberg (1913, 1914, 1930, 1931), Moscow (1933), Pittsburgh (1931), Posen (1913, 1914), Prague (1927), St. Louis (1932), Stockholm (1929), Venice (1914), Rome (1925), Warsaw (1909, 1910, 1912, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1921, 1922, 1924) and Vienna (1915, 1928).
literature
- Władysława Jaworska, Agnieszka Morawińska u. a., Malarstwo polskie w kolekcji Ewy i Wojciecha Fibakow ( Polish painting in the Ewa and Wojtek Fibak Collection ), Auriga Verlag, ISBN 83-221-0623-8 , Warsaw 1992, pp. 140ff.
- Urszula Makowska: Kramsztyk, Roman . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 81, de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-023186-1 , p. 472 f.
Web links
References and comments
- ↑ a b according to Irena Kossowska, detailed biography ( memento of the original from January 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at Culture.pl, Art Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences , December 2001 (in English)
- ↑ According to Andrzej M. Kobos, Malarstwo polskich Żydów , Roman Kramsztyk ( Memento of the original from January 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (in Polish)
- ↑ according to Lyrics of the song Kredka Kramsztyka ( Memento of the original from March 10, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Kramczyks colored pencil), Ale źródło wciąż bije (The spring is still bubbling) at Kaczmarski.art.pl , Warsaw 2002 (in Polish)
- ↑ These works were saved by Maria Konowa-Kowalska. She later went to Brazil and in December 1946 organized an exhibition of drawings in São Paulo . The fate of the majority of these drawings is unknown, one of the best known is in the Marigold archive
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kramsztyk, Roman |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 18, 1885 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Warsaw |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 6, 1942 |
| Place of death | Warsaw |