Jewish community of Horb am Neckar

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A Jewish community in Horb am Neckar , a town in the Freudenstadt district in northern Baden-Württemberg , already existed in the Middle Ages . The modern Jewish community emerged after 1862 and existed until 1939.

history

Jewish prayer room

The first Jewish community in Horb that has been handed down to us was destroyed in the course of a pogrom during a plague epidemic on December 20, 1348. Between 1396/98 and 1456 there were resettlement of Jews. Jews also lived in Horb during the Thirty Years' War (52 people in 1633), but they were expelled again in 1708.

Jews could only settle in Horb again after 1862. On April 1, 1903, a legally independent Jewish community was officially founded, which existed until 1939. The Jewish community had a synagogue , a religious school and, since 1904, its own cemetery .

During the First World War , Hugo and Siegfried Stern fell from the Jewish community. Their names are on the war memorial on the church wall of the collegiate church.

Community development

year Parishioners
1864 6 people or 0.3% of 1,880 residents
1880 65 people or 2.9% of 2,237 inhabitants
1890 101 people or 4.6% of 2,187 inhabitants
1900 134 people or 5.3% of 2,527 inhabitants
1905 138 people
1925 109 people or 4.1% of 2,655 inhabitants
1933 100 people

National Socialist Persecution

The following are known of former commercial and industrial enterprises owned by Jewish families / persons, which existed until after 1933: textile house Carl Augsburger, owner Jakob Wolfsheimer (Neckarstraße 17), textile shop Mina Augsburger (Marktstraße 5), soap, oil and fat dealership Hermann Bernheim (Marktstraße 3), Kosher butcher's Emil Dampf, then Leopold Liebmann (Neckarstraße), textile shop Josef and Viktor Eßlinger (Schulstraße), oil and grease wholesaler Hermann Gideon (Dammstraße, demolished), soap factory, steam tallow Willy Gideon (Mühlener Torweg 19- 23), textile shop, bed linen Salo Gundelfinger (Markstraße 9), dentist Albert Hanhart (Neckarstraße 49), colonial goods shop Adolf Landauer (Neckarstraße), cattle shop Karl Lemberger (Gutermannstraße, broken off), wool shop Heinrich Levi (Saarstraße 10), leather shop Gebr. Feigenheimer, Owner Simon Liebmann (Ihlinger Straße 17), manufactured goods and white goods store Gustav Schwarz (Schillerstraße), Jewish café, gas Sigmund Levi cattle business and cattle dealer (Schillerplatz, canceled), Louis Schwarz cattle dealer (Gutermannstrasse 14, canceled), Max Schwarz cattle dealer (Mühlener Strasse), mechanical clothing factory L. Stern KG. , Inh. Heinrich, Sally and Siegfried Stern (Mühlener Torweg 3), shoe store and repair shop Hans, Hermann and Julius Tannhauser (Neckarstrasse, canceled), cattle dealer Viktor Wälder (Neckarstrasse, canceled), banking business Karl Weil (Schillerstrasse). (from: alemannia judaica)

The synagogue was desecrated and destroyed during the November pogrom in 1938 . The shop windows of Jewish commercial buildings were smashed and looted. In 1941 the last Jewish residents were forcibly relocated to Rexingen. At the end of 1941, 25 of them were deported to Riga and Theresienstadt .

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 27 Jewish citizens born in Horb am Neckar who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

See also

literature

  • Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger: Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 ( Memorial book of the synagogues in Germany . Volume 4).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved January 7, 2010.