Jewish community of Nordstetten
A Jewish community in Nordstetten , a district of Horb am Neckar in the Freudenstadt district in northern Baden-Württemberg , had existed since the 17th century. The Jewish community existed until 1925.
history
In 1629 a Jew Auerbacher from Nordstetten, who was baptized in Herrenberg , is mentioned for the first time . In 1712 Jewish families from Hürben and Kriegshaber were accepted by the landlords of the Keller von Schleitheim . In the 18th and 19th centuries almost all the houses in which the Jewish population lived were located near the castle.
When the Jewish residents had to adopt hereditary family names in 1787, the heads of the family decided on the following names: Auerbacher, Frank, Gideon (Gidion), Kahn, Kuhn, Levi, Ochs, Ottenheimer, Rothschild and Weil. By emigrating to North America or to cities such as Horb and Stuttgart , the number of members of the Jewish community fell sharply until the end of the 19th century.
The Jewish community had a synagogue , a ritual bath ( mikveh ) and a cemetery . In 1822 the first Jewish elementary school in Württemberg was established, for which a schoolhouse was built in Hauptstrasse 31 in 1843. This school was closed in 1878. The employed teacher exercised the function of prayer leader and shochet at the same time .
In the 18th and early 19th centuries, Nordstetten had a rabbinate to which the Jewish community of Dettensee and the Jewish community of Haigerloch also belonged. Since 1832 Nordstetten belonged to the district rabbinate Mühringen , which was moved to Horb in 1914.
Berthold Auerbach was born in Nordstetten in 1812 and , like his ancestors, was buried in the Nordstetten Jewish cemetery after his death in Cannes . He was one of the most widely read German-language writers in the 19th century.
Community development
| year | Parishioners |
|---|---|
| 1772 | 18 families |
| 1807 | 176 people |
| 1824 | 240 people |
| 1846 | 352 people |
| 1861 | 201 people |
| 1900 | 65 people |
| 1910 | 39 people |
| 1933 | 12 people |
National Socialist Persecution
The Jewish families still resident in 1933 lived mainly from the cattle trade, but a matzo bakery and a cigar factory also belonged to Jewish owners. The following are known of former Jewish trading and commercial enterprises that existed until after 1933: fat, oil and soap shop Siegmund Auerbacher (Hauptstraße 50/1), cigar factory Gebr. Gideon (Fabrikweg 12), Mazzenbäckerei Leo Rothschild (Fabrikstraße 34/36), Hermann Weil cattle dealer (Fabrikweg 3). (from: alemannia judaica)
The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 12 Jewish citizens born in Nordstetten (including the town of the same name in Nordstetten (Gunzenhausen) ) who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .
See also
literature
- Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger: Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, pp. 520–522, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 ( Memorial Book of Synagogues in Germany . Volume 4).
Web links
- To the Jewish community in Nordstetten at alemannia-judaica.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Commemorative Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945 . Retrieved January 8, 2010.
Dettensee | Horb am Neckar | Mills | Mühringen | Nordstetten | Rexingen