Jewish community of Künzelsau
The Jewish community of Künzelsau , today's district town of the Hohenlohe district in northern Baden-Württemberg , came into being in the middle of the 19th century and was wiped out by Nazi persecution .
history
Jews lived in Künzelsau as early as the Middle Ages . During the persecution of Jews by the gangs of the knight Rintfleisch in 1298, Jews were also murdered in Künzelsau. Around 1550 Jews were taken in again by the Lords of Stetten . The other landlords did not agree and therefore the Jews were expelled from Künzelsau around 1580/81.
From 1853 Jews moved to Künzelsau from the surrounding villages, especially from Berlichingen , Braunsbach , Ernsbach , Hohebach and Nagelsberg , because they had better economic opportunities there. The Jewish community in Künzelsau had been a subsidiary of the Jewish community in Nagelsberg since 1876 and became the Jewish community of Künzelsau-Nagelsberg at the end of the 19th century . The community belonged to the district rabbinate Braunsbach , whose seat was moved to Schwäbisch Hall in 1914.
The Jewish families, who lived mainly from trade, were an important economic factor in Künzelsau. Jewish citizens were elected to the city council several times (Lazarus Baer, Max Löwenthal, Selig Wissmann). The Jewish community had a synagogue and a religious school since 1907 . The Jewish community had employed a teacher who was both a prayer leader and a shochet . Most of the community's dead were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Berlichingen .
National Socialist Persecution
“As early as March 1933 there were anti-Jewish riots in the city. On March 20, 1933, SA people under the leadership of SA Standartenführer Klein from Heilbronn and the protection police carried out a "weapons search" among Jewish people and opponents of the Nazi regime. The Jewish teacher Julius Goldstein (emigrated to the USA with his wife and two children in 1939) was dragged to the town hall by SA men and was so abused that the iron synagogue key he was carrying in his trouser pocket broke in two. [...] Another church member, David Furchheimer committed suicide at the incident [...] "
The head of the Jewish community, the merchant Max Ledermann , was also mistreated by the SA on the night of March 21 when he wanted to visit teacher Goldstein and died of a heart attack in his house.
The synagogue was destroyed during the November pogrom in 1938 . Until the deportations in 1941/42, the Jewish citizens still living in the city had to move into so-called Jewish houses and were forced to do forced labor, including in the city quarry. The Jewish community was officially dissolved on July 12, 1939.
The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 22 Jewish citizens born in Künzelsau who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .
Community development
| year | Parishioners | in% of the total population |
|---|---|---|
| 1869 | 30th | |
| around 1880 | 119 | 4.2% |
| 1890 | 103 | 3.6% |
| 1900 | 114 | 3.7% |
| 1910 | 92 | |
| 1925 | 78 | 2.5% |
| 1933 | 65 |
synagogue
literature
- Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 2: Großbock - Ochtendung. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08078-9 ( online version ).
- Martin Frey and Stefan Kraut: ... and lived among us. Jews in Künzelsau , Künzelsau 1993 (without ISBN)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Alemannia Judaica (accessed December 11, 2012)
- ↑ When Nazi thugs drove their mischief on Stimme.de
- ^ Ledermann, Max in the memorial book of the Federal Archives
- ↑ Hohenloher were the first victims on Stimme.de
- ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved December 11, 2012.