Jewish community of Treuchtlingen

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A Jewish community in Treuchtlingen already existed from the Middle Ages. With the time of National Socialism , almost the entire community fell victim to the Holocaust . Many survivors emigrated from Treuchtlingen.

history

Jews lived in Treuchtlingen as early as the Middle Ages . These were first mentioned in connection with the persecution during the plague time of 1348/49. However, it is not known whether a church ( kehillah ) was founded. Even in the 16th century, Jews were able to settle in Treuchtlingen under the rule of the House of Pappenheim . The Jewish residents first visited the synagogue in Pappenheim and buried their dead in the Jewish cemetery in Pappenheim and in the Jewish cemetery in Bechhofen . After the Thirty Years' War and in the 18th century, one of the most important Jewish communities in the region emerged in Treuchtlingen. The community grew significantly after all Jews were expelled from the Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg in 1741 and many settled here.

The Jewish cemetery was established in 1773 . The proportion of the population of people of Jewish faith had reached its peak in 1837 at 17.7% (282 out of a total of 1,590 inhabitants). The synagogue built in 1730 was replaced by a new building as early as 1818/19. From the middle of the 19th century, the number of Jews living in Treuchtlingen declined again due to emigration as a result of the Bavarian Jewish edict of 1813 .

At the beginning of the National Socialist era in 1933, 119 Jewish citizens were counted in Treuchtlingen (2.8% of a total of 4,237 inhabitants). Due to the increasing disenfranchisement after 1933 and numerous violent and degrading actions against the city's Jews, more and more people moved to other cities or emigrated from Germany. During the November pogrom in 1938, the synagogue , built in 1730 and rebuilt in 1819, was burned down. With two exceptions, all Jewish residents left the city by the end of December 1938. Ten were still able to emigrate, 62 moved within Germany. Most of the Jews who were born in Treuchtlingen or who had lived there for a long time later fell victim to the Holocaust . Those involved in the pogrom were punished for up to four years in prison in the Weißenburg pogrom process , including Andreas Günter, the mayor of Treuchtlingen at the time. Many fates have not yet been clarified.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Alemannia Judaica : Treuchtlingen - Jewish history / synagogue . As of August 3, 2011.
  2. ^ Weissenburg pogrom process of 1946 : www.wugwiki.de; Retrieved March 18, 2013
  3. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 . As of May 19, 2011.

Web links