Jewish community Altenmuhr
A Jewish community in Altenmuhr , a district of the community of Muhr am See in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district ( Bavaria ), existed from the end of the 16th century until 1938.
history
At the end of the 16th century, the Lords of Lentersheim took in Jews for the first time . The Jewish community expanded considerably in the 18th century, with the number of Jewish families growing from 12 (1732) to 42 (1796).
The families had been under the protection of Karl August von Hardenberg since 1799 and most of them lived in poor conditions. The Jewish community experienced its heyday in the middle of the 19th century.
The Jewish families initially lived in the so-called Judenhof , which was located on the site of the former Mittelmuhr Palace. After 1790, the Jewish families could also live outside the Judenhof .
The Jewish community of Altenmuhr owned a synagogue , a ritual bath ( mikveh ) and a Jewish elementary school (until 1924). The community buried its dead in the Jewish cemetery in Bechhofen until 1906 and then in the cemetery in Gunzenhausen . The Jewish community belonged to the Gunzenhausen district rabbinate until 1845 and then to the Ansbach district rabbinate .
In addition to the elementary school teacher, a prayer leader was employed at times who also worked as a shochet . From 1893 onwards, all of these activities were carried out by one person. After 1924 there was only one religious school and from 1929 the Jewish community of Altenmuhr had a joint teacher with the Jewish community of Windsbach .
Those who died in the First World War from the Jewish community Altenmuhr were: Isak Fleischmann (born May 5, 1885 in Altenmuhr, born July 19, 1916) and Julius Weinmann (born February 3, 1893 in Altenmuhr, died June 7, 1917 ). Their names have been on the town's war memorial since 1958 .
synagogue
In the 18th century there was initially a prayer room in a private house. It was not until 1803 that the Jewish communities built a synagogue in the Judenhof . It was 18 meters long and eight and a half meters wide and had a hipped roof . There were 80 places in the synagogue for men and 40 for women.
During the November pogrom in 1938 , the synagogue was desecrated and the interior was destroyed. The building was spared as it had been acquired by the political community before the pogrom. The synagogue was used as a barn. In 1968 the former church was demolished and a house was built in its place. A memorial stone that was erected on November 21, 1986 against the resistance of parts of the Altenmuhr population, commemorates the synagogue and thus Jewish life in Muhr am See.
Community development
| year | Parishioners |
|---|---|
| 1732 | 12 families |
| 1796 | 42 people |
| 1811/12 | 206 people, 32.3% of the population |
| 1837 | 250 people, 34.7 of the population |
| 1867 | 163 people, 21% of the population |
| 1880 | 116 people, 14.6% of the population |
| 1900 | 105 people, 14.1% of the population |
| 1910 | 91 people |
| 1925 | 49 people |
| 1933 | 29 people |
| 1934 | 20 people |
| 1937 | 14 people |
National Socialist Persecution
Most of the 29 Jewish residents who lived in Altenmuhr in 1933 either moved to larger cities or were able to emigrate . The nine Jewish residents who were still living in the village during the November pogrom in 1938 were taken out of their homes by SA men and detained. They were later transported to Gunzenhausen .
The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 28 Jewish citizens born in Altenmuhr who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .
Commemoration
In 1986 a memorial stone was erected with the following inscription: A synagogue stood here until 1968. 1985. In memory of the Jewish community that existed in Altenmuhr for over 300 years.
The memorial stone was designed by the Ansbach artist Jörg Kutzer .
literature
- Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 1: Aach - Groß-Bieberau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08077-2 ( online version ).
- More than stones ... Synagogue memorial ribbon Bavaria. Volume II . Edited by Wolfgang Kraus, Berndt Hamm and Meier Schwarz . Developed by Barbara Eberhardt, Cornelia Berger-Dittscheid, Hans-Christof Haas and Angela Hager with the assistance of Frank Purrmann and Axel Töllner with a contribution by Katrin Keßler. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2010, ISBN 978-3-89870-448-9 , pp. 39–44.
- Gunther Reese (Ed.): Traces of Jewish life around the Hesselberg, Volume 6 of the small series of publications Region Hesselberg, Unterschwaningen 2011, ISBN 978-3-9808482-2-0 , pp. 76–81.
Web links
- To the Jewish community Altenmuhr near Alemannia Judaica (with photos)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gunther Reese (Ed.): Traces of Jewish life around the Hesselberg , Volume 6 of the small series of publications Region Hesselberg , Unterschwaningen 2011, ISBN 978-3-9808482-2-0 , p. 79
- ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved May 11, 2010.
