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The Jüdische Welt-Rundschau (JWR) was a Jewish weekly newspaper that appeared from March 1939 to May 1940. It was designed in Jerusalem by former editors of the Jüdische Rundschau , who emigrated to Palestine after the Reichspogromnacht in November 1938 , printed in Paris and from there distributed in over 60 countries. Editor-in-chief was Robert Weltsch , publisher was Siegmund Kaznelson .

History and program

After the freedom of the press in the German Reich had already been repealed by the presidential decree on the protection of people and state of February 28, 1933 and the press had been ideologically aligned , the Jüdische Rundschau , founded in 1902, was initially able to continue to appear. However, it was monitored and censored by the Reich Chamber of Culture under Hans Hinkel .

Until November 1938, both the Nazi government and the German Zionists were interested in Jewish emigration to Palestine for various reasons, which is why the Jüdische Rundschau, which affirmed this goal, was more tolerated than voices pleading for the assimilation of Jews in Germany like the Reich Association of Jewish Frontline Soldiers . With the increasing displacement of the Jewish population from cultural and economic life, the entire Jewish press was banned after the Reichspogromnacht 1938. The Jüdische Rundschau also ceased publication.

The Jüdische Welt-Rundschau, which has since been designed in Jerusalem by German emigrants, printed in Paris and distributed from there, was on the one hand an exile newspaper, but on the other hand it was also a Palestinian "local paper" that promoted German-speaking Zionism to German Jews who had been dispersed all over the world after the failure of the Évian conference and wanted to "bear witness to the catastrophe of the German Jews" to non-Jewish readers. In this function, she replaced the Jüdische Rundschau , which had been discontinued in 1938 and which since 1933 had also addressed not only readers in Germany but also the diaspora of emigrated German Jews in order to bind them ideologically to the building of Palestine.

In Palestine, too, the Jüdische Rundschau played an important role as the only original German-language publication in a press landscape dominated by Hebrew newspapers such as Haaretz , HaBoker and Hamaschkif .

The JWR was financially and organizationally supported by the "Freundeskreis der Jüdische Welt-Rundschau", the party "Achduth Haʿam" (voice of the people) around the German Zionist Gustav Krojanker and the Hitachduth Olej Germania we Austria (HOGOA), an interest group representing German and Austrian immigrants in Palestine, all of whom were former activists of the Zionist Association for Germany ZVfD. The German department of the Jewish Agency was also part of the editorial committee .

In its emphatically Zionist stance, the JWR differed from other émigré newspapers, which represented an assimilatory Judaism and inclusion in the diaspora instead of a national homeland in Palestine. More open than the Jewish Rundschau in Berlin, the Jewish world-Rundschau could fight of Jerusalem from the Nazi anti-Semitism, however, took this regard for the living still in Germany Jews to cooperate with the German authorities as the Reich Central Office for Jewish Emigration under Management by Adolf Eichmann .

When the German Wehrmacht marched into Paris in 1940, the JWR ceased to appear.

reception

The appearance of the JWR in German led to a sharp dispute in Palestine within the Yishuv, which was dominated by Eastern Jews . The background was a largely anti-German self-image that not only preferred the Hebrew language, but also rejected the left-liberal policy of understanding with the rebellious Arabs and the British mandate government as well as a bi-national state associated with German Zionism . The JWR was the organ of an opposition minority in Palestine. Secondly, it was also about unwanted competition in the lucrative advertising market.

In an open letter, the editor-in-chief Robert Weltsch defended his German-language newspaper, which, after the Jüdische Rundschau was closed, was the only organ that could mediate between non-Hebrew-speaking Jews abroad and Jews in Palestine.

The paper then appeared in Palestine under the name Mitteilungsblatt der HOG , while the foreign edition was called the Jüdische Welt-Rundschau and was aimed primarily at around 11,000 former foreign subscribers to the Jüdische Rundschau.

After the JWR had ceased its publication in May 1940, the Mitteilungsblatt took over the function of the JWR as a German-language Zionist weekly newspaper, at least for the German immigrants living in Palestine. The newsletter was also delivered to Europe under difficult circumstances caused by the war.

At the same time in New York, the exile newspaper Aufbau developed into a mouthpiece for German-Jewish emigrants in the USA. The structure appears today under the full title Structure. The Jewish monthly magazine in Zurich.

literature

  • Katrin Diehl: The Jewish press in the Third Reich: between self-assertion and outside determination . Niemeyer, Tübingen 1997. Zugl .: Munich, Univ.-Diss. ISBN 3-484-65117-2
  • Herbert Freeden : The Jewish press in the Third Reich. Jewish publishing house at Athenaeum, Frankfurt 1987

Web links

Wikisource: Magazines (Judaica)  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ RGBl.  I p. 83
  2. ↑ Willi Jasper: Journalism in a State of Emergency - Carry it with pride, the yellow spot Die Zeit, April 8, 1988
  3. ^ Propaganda Minister Goebbels propagated the exclusion of Jews from German cultural life on November 26, 1937, Ton-Dokument 01-312 under die-quellen-sprach.de, followed by Matthias Brandt
  4. ↑ Ordinance on the elimination of Jews from German economic life of November 12, 1938 (RGBl. 1938 I, p. 1580)
  5. ↑ Thomas von der Osten-Sacken: Rise and fall of a Zionist newspaper: Die Jüdische Welt-Rundschau haGalil.com
  6. ↑ Thomas von der Osten-Sacken: Rise and fall of a Zionist newspaper: Die Jüdische Welt-Rundschau haGalil.com
  7. ↑ The name in Latin letters from 1932 to 1939 was Hitachduth Olej Germania ( Hebrew הִתְאַחְדוּת עוֹלֵי גֶּרְמַנְיָה Hit'achdūt ʿŌlej Germanjah , German 'Vereinigung der Olim Deutschlands' , HOG; as in the title of Hitachduth Olej Germania's bulletin ), between 1940 and 1942 Hitachdut Olej Germania we Austria ( Hebrew הִתְאַחְדוּת עוֹלֵי גֶּרְמַנְיָה וְאוֹסְטְרִיָה Hit'achdūt ʿŌlej Germanjah we-Ōsṭrijah , German 'Association of Olim Germany and Austria' , acronym: HOGoA; see. Bulletin of Hitachdut Olej Germania we Austria ), then from 1943 to 2006 Irgun Olej Merkas Europa ( Hebrew אִרְגּוּן עוֹלֵי מֶרְכַּז אֵירוֹפָּה Irgūn ʿŌlej Merkaz Ejrōpah , German 'Organization of the Olim Central Europe' ; as in their organ: MB - weekly newspaper of Irgun Olej Merkas Europe ), since then the association has been called the Association of Israelis of Central European Origin ( Hebrew אִרְגּוּן יוֹצְאֵי מֶרְכַּז אֵירוֹפָּה Irgūn Jōtz'ej Merkaz Ejrōpah , German 'Organization of those from Central Europe' ; see. Title of the Yakinton / MB journal: Bulletin of the Association of Israelis of Central European Origin ).