Jewish cemetery (Anklam)

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Jewish cemetery in Anklam 1880 - middle half right - signature welcome pl.
Anklam Jewish cemetery
View from the entrance gate. In the background the sugar factory

The Anklam Jewish Cemetery is a Jewish burial site in West Pomerania's Anklam in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district in Mecklenburg-West Pomerania .

A reminder and memorial has been located there since 1962 . It is a protected architectural monument .

description

The approximately 600 m² Jewish cemetery in Anklam is located on “Min Hüsung” street, on Pasewalker Allee, outside the city center. It is located in the middle of a residential area on the edge of an industrial area. The entrance is on the southwest corner of the facility, directly on the street "Min Hüsung". The complex is enclosed along the “Min Hüsung” street with a 1.3 m high decorative wall made of concrete and field stones. A 0.50 m high field stone wall with a wall covering made of a red rolled clinker layer runs to the south and east bordering private properties. Before that, a new hedge was planted. There are no paths in the cemetery, the entire complex is laid out as a meadow. The trees are made up of chestnuts in the south and maple and ash in the north.

In the cemetery there are 31 very well-preserved tombstones from the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. All gravestones face south and have German inscriptions on the back. In the southern part of the cemetery there is a memorial stone with the following inscription “In memory of the Jewish victims of fascism - a reminder to all living”.

The entire facility is in a very good and well-kept condition. The external overall impression of the facility is only severely disturbed by the recycling containers set up in front of the cemetery wall in the north. Jewish cemeteries were designated as burial places on the official maps and were signed with an L instead of a †. Mostly they were created further outside the cities or communities, mainly in the barn districts or similar remote locations. In Anklam the cemetery is at the former small train station and on the railway line in front of the old town.

The cemetery was laid out on the outskirts of Anklam around 1850.

history

The Jewish community, which was established in Anklam at the beginning of the 19th century, was able to set up its first cemetery in 1817, which was presumably only used for a short time. Nothing is left of him. In 1925 the cemetery was made available by the Jewish community for the construction of a branch of the Reichsbank.

Around 1850 a new cemetery was laid out on what was then the outskirts, which was used until the Nazi era (last burial in 1936), but was then devastated. In 1948 the cemetery was restored. 32 tombstones have been preserved. A memorial stele by the sculptor Bruno Giese was erected with the inscription: "In memory of the Jewish victims of fascism, as a warning to all living."

The old cemetery was on the Großer Wall (area of ​​today's street “Großer Wall”); the new cemetery in today's residential area Lilienthalhof / An der Straße “Min Hüsung”.

The last testimony to one of the larger Jewish communities in Western Pomerania, the Anklam community, is the Jewish cemetery on "Min Hüsung". The last burials took place here in 1936. The cemetery was desecrated during the pogrom night from November 9th to 10th 1938. In 1940, on behalf of the Reich Association of Jews in Germany and the dissolving synagogue community, the cemetery property was sold for 250 marks to Mecklenburg-Pommersche Schmalspurbahn AG , which had undertaken not to harm it. After the bombing of the city in August 1944 , however, the rubble was dumped there and the cemetery was largely destroyed. Until their deportation in 1942, 11 Jews were still living in Anklam. The last Jewish residents of Anklam were on 11/12. In February 1940 he was deported via Stettin to the Lublin district in occupied Poland, from where no one returned.

In 1948 it was returned to the new Jewish state community in Mecklenburg . At the beginning of the 1950s, the area was cleaned up and the stones that had been preserved were put back into position. It has existed in its current form since 1962 as a memorial, which was declared a memorial and memorial site in the presence of a rabbi . The city has taken responsibility for their maintenance and care.

Web links

literature

  • Michael Brocke, Eckehard Ruthenberg, Kai Uwe Schulenburg: Stone and Name. The Jewish cemeteries in East Germany (New Federal States / GDR and Berlin). Institute Church and Judaism Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-923095-19-8 . (This source contains numerous inaccuracies and errors and is therefore only of limited scientific and historical suitability.)
  • “Memorials for the Victims of National Socialism”, Volume II, Bonn 2000
  • Martin Kaule: Baltic Sea Coast 1933–1945. Ch. Links 2011, ISBN 9783861536116 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Text: Research project “Jewish cemeteries” at the Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences, published in: https://www.kleks-online.de/editor/?element_id=186825&lang=de
  2. ↑ Details on the Anklam Jewish Cemetery of the Alemannia Judaica Working Group
  3. ↑ Text: Research project “Jewish cemeteries” at the Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences, published in: https://www.kleks-online.de/editor/?element_id=186825&lang=de

Coordinates: 53 ° 51 ′ 7.5 ″  N , 13 ° 42 ′ 23.5 ″  E