Bocklemünd Jewish cemetery
The Bocklemünd Jewish Cemetery in the Vogelsang district of Cologne has existed as a Jewish burial site since 1918 and is still used as a cemetery today. The 44,818 m² site was laid out in what was then the Bocklemünd district and is located in the corner of Venloer Straße and Militärringstraße, to the west of Cologne's Westfriedhof . Many of the grave sites are artistically designed.
The overall plan for the cemetery was designed by Karl Bing in 1917/18 . The synagogue community of Cologne was able to acquire the site from the city of Cologne on May 21, 1917. The cemetery was inaugurated on December 8, 1918. Even then, an imposing entrance architecture based on the Westfriedhof would have been planned, but it did not exist at the time.
Cemetery buildings
The facility initially contained a makeshift wooden morgue, presumably based on a design by Karl Bing. The cemetery buildings, mourning hall, cemetery administration and morgue, which were inaugurated in 1930, were originally intended to resemble the buildings of the neighboring Westfriedhof. The architect Robert Stern , who later fled to the USA from the persecution of the National Socialists , set his own accents in the neoclassical style. The interior of the central mourning hall is very colorful with purple walls, yellow columns and a blue, star-studded ceiling. The mourning hall marks the beginning of the central axis of the old, symmetrically designed part of the cemetery. Towards Venloer Strasse it bears the Hebrew words “The righteous live in his faith” (according to Hab 2.4 EU ).
Monuments and memorials
In the lapidarium of the cemetery, 58 fragment stones from the 12th to 15th centuries were integrated, which come from the Jewish cemetery Judenbüchel in the Raderberg district, closed in 1695 and abandoned in 1936 . Those buried there were reburied in Bocklemünd.
A pyramid-shaped stone, also designed by Robert Stern in 1934, forms a memorial of the Reich Association of Jewish Front Soldiers for the Jewish soldiers who died on the German side in the First World War .
Memorial of the Reich League of Jewish Front Soldiers (1934)
Lapidary
Bronze sculpture in memory of destroyed synagogues in Cologne, lost since 2010
Cenotaph for the victims of the Shoah
Memorial to the memory of the destruction of the Cologne synagogues
A 750 kg bronze sculpture, made by Franz Lipensky , stood on a stone plinth on Mittelallee until November 15, 2010 . It was stolen that day and has been lost to this day. The sculpture, a memorial with six stars of David for the six million murdered Jews, a menorah of a destroyed Torah scroll and a fragment of the wall marked the place where the ritual objects from Cologne synagogues destroyed during the Nazi era were buried. These were secretly buried in the same place in 1939 after the Reichspogromnacht in order to hide them from the National Socialists' fury - they were only found again in 1979 during construction work and then buried in coffins according to the ritual. Today only the stone plinth is there.
Cenotaph for the victims of the Shoah from Cologne
Also on Mittelallee, right behind the monument to the destroyed synagogues, a bronze plaque commemorates the “over 11,000 sisters and brothers in our community who fell as victims of National Socialist racial madness for Judaism in the years 1933–1945”. The monument was designed by the architect Helmut Goldschmidt . His father Moritz Goldschmidt, the chairman of the Cologne synagogue community, had taken the initiative for the memorial. It was financed by grants from the Interior Ministry of North Rhine-Westphalia, as its representative Marcel Frenkel gave a speech at the inauguration on June 6, 1948.
Personalities
- Karl Bing (1858–1930), architect of the cemetery
- Abraham Frank (1838–1917), rabbi
- Alexander Ginsburg (1915–1996), General Secretary of the Central Council of Jews in Germany
- Helmut Goldschmidt (1918–2005), architect
- Sally Kessler (1912–1985), local politician and survivor of the Holocaust.
- Hans Abraham Ochs (1928–1936), at the age of eight, attacked by young people of the Hitler Youth due to his Jewry, resulting in death
- Ludwig Rosenthal (1870–1938), community rabbi in Cologne
- Josef Schleifstein (1915–1992), communist, honored in the GDR
- Alphons Silbermann (1909–2000), social scientist and publicist
- Sascha Simchowitz (1864–1930), doctor, dramaturge, writer and theater scholar
- Ernst Simons (1919–2006), educator and concentration camp survivor
- Leonhard Tietz (1849–1914), businessman and founder of Leonhard Tietz AG, later Kaufhof
- Alfred H. Unger (1898–1989), writer and playwright
- Wilhelm Unger (1904–1985), author and journalist
- Memorial plaque for Isidor Caro (1877–1943), rabbi and teacher
- Commemorative inscription for Lilli Jahn (1900–1944), doctor
- Commemorative inscription for Luise Straus-Ernst (1893–1944), art historian, journalist and artist
See also
literature
- Barbara Becker-Jákli : The Jewish cemetery in Cologne-Bocklemünd, history, architecture and biographies . 1st edition. Emons-Verlag, Cologne 2016, ISBN 978-3-95451-889-0 .
- Stefan Bajohr (Ed.): Archives made of stone: Jewish life and Jewish cemeteries in North Rhine-Westphalia . 1st edition. Asso-Verlag, Oberhausen 2005, ISBN 978-3-938834-03-9 .
- Jürgen Fritsch, Günter Leitner: Cemeteries in Cologne - in the middle of life . 1st edition. Cologne 2003, ISBN 978-3-936333-01-5 .
- M. Becker, J. Huebner, Chr. Wullen: Jewish cemetery in Bocklemünd . ( Cologne education server [accessed on September 17, 2012]).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Wolfram Hagspiel : Cologne and his Jewish architects , Cologne 2010, ISBN 978-3-7616-2294-0 , p. 46.
- ↑ Cemetery - Synagogue Community Cologne. Retrieved October 3, 2017 .
- ↑ Elfi Pracht-Jörns (adaptation): Jüdische Lebenswelten in Rheinland. Annotated sources from the early modern period to the present . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2011, ISBN 978-3-412-20674-1 , p. 345 ( Google Books )
Judenbüchel | Bocklemünd | Capstone | Deutz | Ehrenfeld | Cologne-Mülheim | Zündorf
Coordinates: 50 ° 58 '17.3 " N , 6 ° 52' 17.3" E