Abraham Frank (rabbi)

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Abraham Salomon Frank (born February 22, 1838 in Oud-Beijerland , Netherlands ; died November 11, 1917 in Cologne ) was a rabbi .

Life

Abraham Frank was a son of the scholar Salomon Frank. He attended high school in Arnhem . He received his further training from 1858 in Breslau at the Jewish-Theological Seminary Fraenckel'sche Foundation . In October 1860 he also enrolled at the Silesian Friedrich Wilhelms University there . He then went to the University of Leipzig , where he received his doctorate on August 6, 1863. He earned several rabbinical diplomas. He received the first on January 28, 1866 from Zacharias Frankel , another was issued by Moses Sachs in Komotau in 1873 and a third in 1875 in Dresden by Wolf Landau .

From 1867 to 1872 Frank was the rabbi of the Jewish community in Saaz in northern Bohemia , where he promoted the construction of the Saaz synagogue , which was inaugurated on March 19, 1872 . In 1873 he moved to Linz in Austria as a rabbi , where Jews were only allowed to settle again from 1861.

Construction of the first synagogue in Upper Austria began in Linz during Abraham Frank's activity ; it was only inaugurated on May 10, 1877, when Frank was already working in Salzburg . There he was also the register manager of the Salzburg Jews and from 1873 he was a member of the Upper Austrian State School Board.

The synagogue in Cologne's Roonstrasse

In October 1875 he was elected rabbi in Cologne. He took this office on January 29, 1876 and held it until his death. Frank tried to act as a mediator between Orthodox and reformers. The Cologne congregation had between 3,000 and 4,000 members when he took office; when Frank died it was about 12,000 to 15,000. In 1899 he inaugurated the Roonstrasse synagogue and the Jewish apprentice home. During his term of office, the organ playing in Jewish services was introduced by the community council of the synagogue in Roonstrasse in 1904, which Frank accepted, while the conservative Rabbi Ludwig Rosenthal from then on worked at the older Glockengasse synagogue . Outside Cologne, too, he was invited to many inaugurations and anniversaries, such as the inauguration of the synagogues in Hagen , Hörde and Dortmund . Abraham Frank was involved in many social organizations. Among other things, he was a member of the Cologne Prison Association and took care of the support for released prisoners.

In 1876 Abraham Frank took part as a delegate at the meeting of the Alliance Israélite Universelle in Paris to discuss the support of the Israelites in the Orient. A few years later he took over the role of Rabbi Landsberg in the Central Committee of the Alliance, of which he was one of the most active members in Germany. For this he was given a statue of Moses in recognition. Frank was also active in the Rhenish-Westphalian and the General Rabbi Association of Germany .

Frank was one of the chairmen of the Association of Associations for Jewish History and Literature in Germany; In 1891 he founded the Association for Jewish History and Literature together with Max Bodenheimer .

From 1875 to 1906 Frank gave Israelite religious instruction at the Cologne high school in Kreuzgasse .

Inauguration of the synagogue in Lechenich

The Jewish Museum in Berlin keeps an illustration by Jean Bungartz from the Illustrirten Welt , which depicts various scenes from the inauguration ceremony of the synagogue in Lechenich . Abraham Frank, who inaugurated the synagogue on September 10, 1886, is also portrayed there.

On January 29, 1907, Frank was honored with the Red Eagle Order, fourth class.

Abraham Frank was married to Therese Block. His son Heinrich (also Heinz) Frank was born on August 21, 1880 in Cologne. Heinrich Frank was a lawyer and also active in Jewish community and club life. He was deported to the Sobibor extermination camp and pronounced dead after 1945.

Honorary grave of Abraham Frank

Abraham Frank is buried in the Jewish cemetery in Cologne-Bocklemünd (Hall 22 F). His honor grave was designed by the sculptor Leopold Fleischhacker .

Abraham Frank House

Abraham Frank raised money to build an Israelite orphanage. The first chairwoman of the Orphan Foundation was Frank's wife Therese. The orphanage was built at Aachener Straße 443 according to plans by the architect Georg Falck and was inaugurated in 1910. It was named Abraham Frank House after its initiator. Jewish orphans were cared for in the Abraham Frank House until 1941. Then it was attacked by SS men. All the children and their educators had to move into the Jewish community center at Cäcilienstraße 18-22. From there they were deported to Minsk on July 20, 1942 and perished in a concentration camp . The house was taken over by the National Socialist "People's Welfare". The structure no longer exists. There is a memorial plaque on the subsequent building. Besides the Jewish orphanage in Dinslaken, the Abraham Frank House was the only institution of its kind in the Rhine Province. Since 1924 it had been directed by Therese Wallach (born on May 8, 1895 in Linz; died on October 18, 1942 in Cologne). This took her own life before her own deportation. A stumbling block in Aachener Straße 443 reminds of Therese Wallach.

Fonts

  • Words on Salomon Frank's bier in Arnhem. Wroclaw 1864.
  • Speech at the dedication ceremony of the new Israelite temple in Saaz. Saaz 1872.
  • Two patriotic speeches at the wedding of your emperor. Highness of the most noble woman Archduchess Gisela with his royal. Highness the most serene Prince Leopold von Baiern ... Linz 1873.
  • Speech spoken at the grave of Blessed Elias Bing. 1876.
  • Speech spoken at the grave of Blessed Mr. Robert Rubino. 1876.
  • Speech given at the grave of the immortalized Samuel Falk in Bergheim. 1877.
  • Words spoken at the grave of the immortalized Mr. Michael Goldschmidt. 1877.
  • Words spoken at the grave of the immortalized Mrs. Betty Lehmann, b. Leffmann. 1877.
  • Speech given at the grave of the immortalized Lord Abraham von Oppenheim . 1878.
  • Speech spoken at the grave of the immortalized wife Julie Levinsohn. 1878.
  • Speech, spoken at the grave of the immortalized wife Jeannette Ochse, geb. Star. 1878.
  • Speech spoken at the grave of Blessed Pinchas Bendix in Dülmen. 1878.
  • Words spoken at the grave of the immortalized woman Helene Gottschalk, b. Wurzburger. 1878.
  • Speech, spoken at the grave of Blessed Milius Goldstein, Factor of the M. DuMont-Schauberg'schen Buchdruckerei in Cologne. 1879.
  • Speech spoken at the grave of the immortalized woman Babette Callmann geb. Allmayer. 1879.
  • Speech spoken at the grave of the immortalized Max Cahen-Leudesdorf. 1879.
  • Words spoken in the house and at the grave of the immortalized Lord Blessed Moses Frank. 1879.
  • Speech given at the coffin of the immortalized Freiherr Simon von Oppenheim . 1880.

...

  • Self-contemplation, a word on the Jewish question on the Maccabees festival. 1880.
  • Speech given at the general assembly of the “Nederlandsche Afdeeling” of the Alliance Israélite Universelle in Rotterdam. Cologne 1882.
  • Sermon on the 25th anniversary of the synagogue in Cologne. 1886.
  • Commemorative speech given at the funeral service in honor of Sr. Majesty Wilhelm I in the synagogue in Cologne. 1888.
  • Memorial speech. In: The revered August Rothschild family, with loyal devotion to their late boss, Mr. August Rothschild, donated by Herm. Auerbach, Cologne, on the day of the funeral. 1891.
  • Speech given in honor of the very highest birthday of Sr. Maj. The Emperor in the synagogue in Cologne. 1893.
  • Speech for the laying of the foundation stone of the second synagogue in Cologne. 1895.
  • The defense of the German Empire. Ceremonial sermon to commemorate September 2, 1870, at the festival service, on Saturday, August 31, 1895, in the synagogue in Cologne. 1895.
  • Ceremonial sermon on the return of the 100th birthday of the most blessed Emperor Wilhelm I in 1897.
  • Speech given at the memorial ceremony in the Israelite Asylum for the sick and the elderly in Cologne, in honor of the deceased patrons and benefactors of the institution. 1898.
  • The four parties on the red sea: a picture of the present. 1901.
  • Lecture on Hanukkah festival. 1902.
  • The cultural work of the Alliance Israélite Universelle. (Extract from the annual report 1901). Kohn & Cie., Cologne [1902].
  • Lecture on Hanukkah festival. In J. Gossel (ed.): Popular scientific lectures. 1 (1902), pp. 94-106.

literature

  • Carl Brisch: History of the Jews in Cologne and the surrounding area: from the earliest times to the present. Second volume. Carl Meyer, Mülheim an der Ruhr 1882, p. 160 f. ( Digitized in the Freimann Collection ).
  • Chaim David Lippe: Bibliographical lexicon of the entire Jewish literature of the present, and address indicator. A lexically ordered scheme with addresses of rabbis, preachers, teachers, cantors, supporters of Jewish literature in the old and new world, together with precise bibliographical details of all writings and journals published by contemporary Jewish authors, especially those relating to Jewish literature. Vienna 1879–1881, p. 108; Reprint: Hildesheim 2003.
  • Meyer Kayserling : The Jewish literature of Moses Mendelssohn up to the present. Publisher by M. Poppelauer, Berlin 1896, p. 822 ( digitized in the Freimann collection ).
  • Markus Brann (Ed.): History of the Jewish-Theological Seminary (Fraenckel'sche Foundation) in Breslau. Festschrift for the 50th anniversary of the institution. Breslau 1904, p. 157.
  • Rabbi Dr. Frank-Coeln. In: East and West. Illustrated monthly for all of Judaism . Issue 3/1907, Berlin 1907, p. 212 f. ( Digital version with compact memory. )
  • D. Leindörfer: Rabbi Dr. Abraham Salomon Frank. In: East and West. Issue 11–12 / 1917, Berlin 1917, pp. 563–566 ( digitized from Compact Memory. )
  • Alexander Carlebach: Orthodoxy in the Cologne Jewish Community of Modern Times. In: Jutta Bohnke-Kollwitz et al. (Ed.): Cologne and Rhenish Judaism: Festschrift Germania Judaica 1959–1984. Wirtschaftsverlag Bachem, Cologne 1984, p. 347.
  • Rudolf Wlaschek: Biographia Judaica Bohemiae. Dortmund 1995, ISBN 3-923293-47-X , p. 54.
  • Susanne Blumesberger, Michael Doppelhofer, Gabriele Mauthe: Handbook of Austrian authors of Jewish origin from the 18th to the 20th century. Volume 1: A-I. Edited by the Austrian National Library. Saur, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-598-11545-8 , p. 347 (No. 2694) ( limited preview in Google book search).
  • Entry Frank, Abraham, Dr. In: Michael Brocke , Julius Carlebach (ed.), Carsten Wilke (arr.): Biographisches Handbuch der Rabbis. Part 1: The rabbis of the emancipation period in the German, Bohemian and Greater Poland countries 1781–1871. KG Saur, Munich 2004, p. 315 ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Ulrich Soénius and Jürgen Wilhelm (eds.): Kölner Personen Lexikon . 1st edition. Greven, Cologne 2008, ISBN 978-3-7743-0400-0 , pp. 607 .
  2. ↑ In Adolf Kober's copy of the Jewish Handbook , the misprint “1832” has been corrected in “1839”; However, the DNB names the year of birth 1838; The Kölner Personen Lexikon also gives the year of birth 1838.
  3. ↑ IKG Linz history.
  4. ↑ a b c d Adolf Kober: Abraham Frank - Cologne. In: Jewish yearbook for Hessen-Nassau and address book of the municipal authorities, organizations and associations 1932/33. Edition Frankfurt / Main, Wiesbaden. Berlin 1932, pp. 17-22.
  5. ↑ The Saaz rabbis at www.saaz-juden.de
  6. ^ Ivonne Meybohm: David Wolffsohn. Newcomers, cross-border commuters, mediators. A Biographical Approach to the History of the Early Zionist Organization (1897–1914). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2012, ISBN 978-3-647-57028-0 , p. 66, note 100.
  7. ↑ Nurith Schönfeld-Amar, 175 years old: Gymnasium Kreuzgasse , on: schule.judentum.de
  8. ^ Jean Bungartz, wood engraving from Die Illustrierte Welt 9, 1886
  9. ↑ Klaus Luig: ... because he is not of Aryan descent. Jewish lawyers in Cologne during the Nazi era . Publishing house Dr. Schmidt KG, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-504-01012-6 , p. 428 .
  10. ↑ Israelite orphanage in Braunsfeld , on: www.bilderbuch-koeln.de
  11. ^ A b Nazi Documentation Center (Historical Archive of the City of Cologne): I loved Cologne so much. Life stories of Jewish citizens of Cologne. Volksblatt Verlag, 1993, p. 246.
  12. ↑ a b Wolfram Hagspiel: Cologne and its Jewish architects. Bachem 2010, ISBN 978-3-7616-2294-0 , p. 121.
  13. ↑ The Abraham Frank House in Braunsfeld , on: www.gbg-koeln.de ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ↑ Bruno Fischer: Ruhr area 1933–1945. The historical travel guide. Ch. Links Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-86153-552-2 , p. 13.
  15. ↑ stumbling block for Therese Wallach on www.denktag.de ( Memento of 4 April 2015, Internet Archive )
personal data
SURNAME Frank, Abraham
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Frank, Abraham Salomon (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION rabbi
DATE OF BIRTH February 22, 1838
PLACE OF BIRTH Oud-Beijerland
DATE OF DEATH November 11, 1917
Place of death Cologne