Isidor Caro

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Isidor Caro (born October 6, 1876 or 1877 in Żnin ; died August 28, 1943 in Theresienstadt ) was a German rabbi of the Cologne Jewish community .

Life

Isidor Caro was born as the first son of a Jewish family of scholars, whose ancestry goes back to Rabbi Josef Caro (1488–1575). Isidor Caro first studied at the rabbinical seminary , then in Berlin at the Institute for the Science of Judaism and completed his scientific training at the University of Rostock in 1902 with a doctorate on Heinrich VI. in the subjects of history and philosophy . In 1908 he moved to Cologne to work as a rabbi for the Jewish community. After Adolf Kober left , he worked as a religion teacher at the Kreuzgasse grammar school . The following year he married Klara Beerman and moved into the house Ehrenfeldgürtel 171 in the Ehrenfeld district of Cologne . The couple devoted themselves intensively to pastoral work until 1938 . From 1913 Caro worked as a chaplain for Jewish prisoners. His wife Klara was involved in the pastoral care of female Jewish prisoners in the Klingelpütz prison in Cologne , released female prisoners and psychiatric patients who were housed in the Lindenburg hospital . On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the work of the Caro couple for the Cologne synagogue community, their voluntary pastoral work and the silver wedding anniversary , Isidor Caro and his wife were honored by the Cologne Jewish community in 1934. As a gift, the couple received a trip to Palestine , which they began in 1935. Contrary to the advice of Freuden, they took neither this trip nor visas to Cuba and Great Britain to leave Germany. In 1933 the Caro couple sent their 18-year-old son to London, followed by his sister Rut in 1936. After Hermann became seriously ill, the couple sent their son to the psychiatric clinic Het Apeldoornsche Bosch in Apeldoorn (Holland) for convalescence . He was deported from there on January 22, 1943 and gassed in the Auschwitz extermination camp after his arrival .

Even after 1933, Isidor Caro published numerous essays on Jewish community life in Cologne and the organization of religious education. After the death of the community rabbi Ludwig Rosenthal in 1938, Isidor Caro took over this task.

In 1941 the Caro family was evicted from their apartment on Ehrenfeldgürtel and had to share the small apartment in the rear building of the Roonstrasse 50 synagogue with 13 other people .

In June 1942, Isidor Caro and his wife signed up for the first transport of Cologne Jews to Theresienstadt. In the Theresienstadt ghetto , Isidor Caro was housed in the so-called Hanover barracks, Hauptstrasse 1. The Cologne rabbi was also active here in pastoral care and was able to hold services for his Cologne congregation. The catastrophic living conditions in Theresienstadt led to Isidor Caros' health deteriorating. He died of malnutrition on August 28, 1943. In the exhibited in the camp official death display a cause of death is lung and meningitis specified. The council of elders granted Isidor Caro an individual burial in Theresienstadt. The urn was thrown into the Elbe with all the other urns from the camp in October 1944 on the orders of the Nazis .

Isidor Caro was a board member of the Association for Jewish History and Literature , a member of the Jawne Board of Trustees , the Rhineland Lodge and, from 1914, chairman of the Rhenish-Westphalian Rabbis Association.

Honors and commemorations

On July 4, 1954 on the Jewish cemetery in Bocklemünd in the presence of Klara Caro a plaque on Dr. Isidor Caro attached to the memorial for the Jewish population of Cologne. In 1970, a street in the Cologne district of Stammheim was named after him in memory of Isidor Caro .

Cologne were in two places stumbling blocks for Isidor Caro laid before his last regular residence Ehrenfeldgürtel 171, and in 2003 in front of the school at the cross street, Vogelsanger Straße. 1

Works

  • The relations of Henry VI. to the Roman Curia during the years 1190–1197 , dissertation 1902
  • History of the Rhineland Lodge , 1913
  • How do we arouse religious interest? , 1926
  • On the Irrational in Religion and Judaism , 1927
  • Jewish tasks in modern penal systems. On the Problem of Jewish Prisoner Welfare , 1929

literature

  • Adolf Kober: Dr. Isidor Caro . Structure, Volume 10, No. 2, New York, Jan. 14, 1944, p. 18 (obituary)
  • Esriel Hildesheimer, Mordechai Eliav: Das Berliner Rabbinerseminar 1873-1938 , Berlin 2008, ISBN 9783938485460 , p. 91
  • Horst Matzerath , Elfi Pracht , Barbara Becker-Jákli (eds.): Jüdisches Schicksal in Köln 1918-1945 - Catalog for the exhibition of the Historical Archive of the City of Kön / NS Documentation Center (November 8, 1988 to January 22, 1989, in the Cologne City Museum / Alte Wache), City of Cologne 1988, page 26

Web links

Wikisource: Isidor Caro  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Isidor Caro  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ partial listing in Google-books: rabbi in the German Reich 1871-1945, p 126
  2. ↑ Nurith Schönfeld-Amar: 175 years of the Kreuzgasse grammar school , accessed on January 12, 2015
  3. ↑ Joseph Walk (ed.): Short biographies on the history of the Jews 1918–1945. Edited by the Leo Baeck Institute, Jerusalem. Saur, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-598-10477-4 , p. 53.
  4. ↑ joodsmonument.nl: Digital Monument to the Jewish Community in the Netherlands (Hermann Caro) , accessed on March 5, 2016
  5. ^ Yad Vashem: Transport from Apeldoorn, Gelderland, The Netherlands to Auschwitz Birkenau, Extermination Camp, Poland on 22/01/1943. Retrieved May 28, 2018 .
  6. ↑ destentor.nl | Holocaust victims from het Apeldoornsche Bosch. Retrieved May 28, 2018 (Dutch).
  7. ^ Yad Vashem: Memorial sheet for Hermann Caro , accessed on March 5, 2016
  8. ^ Bundesarchiv.de: Memorial Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933-1945 (Caro, Hermann) , accessed on March 5, 2016
  9. ↑ Klara Caro's autobiography, interactive search
  10. ↑ a b Dr. Isidor Caro (1876-1943) . In: Kirsten-Serup Bilfeldt: Stolpersteine ​​- Forgotten names, blown traces. Guide to the fate of Cologne during the Nazi era . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2004, 2nd edition, ISBN 3-462-03535-5 , pp. 33-39
  11. ↑ Transport list of the deportation train to Theresienstadt, June 15, 1942, (III / 1), page 7, No. 139/140 , accessed on February 24, 2015
  12. ^ Isidore Caro . In: Ulrich S. Soénius (Hrsg.), Jürgen Wilhelm (Hrsg.): Kölner Personen-Lexikon. Greven, Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-7743-0400-0 , p. 98.
  13. ↑ Terezín death report ( memento of the original from January 13, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 12, 2015  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www2.holocaust.cz
  14. ↑ Klara Caro's autobiography, interactive search
  15. ↑ Michael Brocke, Julius Carlebach (ed.): Die Rabbiner im Deutschen Reich 1871-1945 , S. 2074
  16. ↑ Elfi Pracht-Jörns: Jüdische Lebenswelten im Rheinland: annotated sources from the early modern period to the present . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne Weimar 2011, ISBN 3-412-20674-1 , p. 345
  17. ^ Marion Werner: From Adolf-Hitler-Platz to Ebertplatz-A cultural history of Cologne street names since 1933 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne Weimar 2008, ISBN 3-412-20183-9 , p. 188
  18. ↑ NS Documentation Center of the City of Cologne: Stolperstein, Ehrenfeldgürtel 171 , Stolperstein, Vogelsanger Strasse 1

Remarks

  1. ↑ Two different years of birth are given in the literature. In the city of Cologne, Dr. Isidor Caros stumbling blocks with different years of birth laid. [1] , [2] According to the death certificate, probably the correct born in 1877
personal data
SURNAME Caro, Isidore
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German rabbi of the Jewish community in Cologne
DATE OF BIRTH October 6, 1876 or 1877
PLACE OF BIRTH Żnin
DATE OF DEATH August 28, 1943
Place of death Theresienstadt