Jakob Wygodski
Jakob Wygodski (also other spellings of the name, born April 3, 1856 in Babrujsk , Russian Empire ; died in August 1941 in Vilnius , Lithuania ) was a Lithuanian doctor and politician.
Life
Jakob Wygodski's family moved to Vilna in 1860 . He attended high school in Mariampol and studied medicine at the Russian Military Academy in St. Petersburg . He also attended universities in Paris, Vienna and Berlin and specialized in gynecology . He received his doctorate in 1882 and returned to Vilna as a doctor in 1883. He has published articles in medical journals and general articles and essays in daily newspapers in Polish, Yiddish and German. Wygodski became involved in the Cadet Party from 1905 .
He became chairman of the Jewish community (Kehillah) Vilnas and supported the Zionist aspirations among the Jews of Eastern Europe. More than 50,000 Jews lived in Vilnius and it was known as the "Jerusalem of the East". He was a sponsor of the Yiddish theater company Vilna Troupe .
After the German conquest of Vilna in World War I , he was the editor of the Yiddish daily newspaper Flugblat . As a representative of the interests of the Jewish population, he was arrested by the German occupying forces in Czersk and Celle in March 1917 .
Until the Polish conquest of Vilnius in 1919, he was Minister for Jewish Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania, founded in 1918, and was a member of the city parliament of Vilna from 1919 to 1929, which named the city's children's and women's clinic after him in his honor on his 80th birthday . In 1919/20 he published the newspapers Di yidishe tsaytung and Vilner togblat . In the Republic of Poland he was elected to the Polish Sejm in 1922 on the list of the Blok Mniejszości Narodowych (Block of National Minorities, BMN) and re-elected in 1928, he resigned in 1930. In the interwar period , Vygodski fell victim to anti-Semitic attacks from the Polish population of Vilna.
After the conquest of Poland in accordance with the Hitler-Stalin Pact at the end of 1939, Vilnius became part of Lithuania before it was incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Lithuanian SSR in 1940 . Wygodski organized help for the numerous Jewish refugees from the German-occupied Poland.
After the German conquest of Vilnius in August 1941, Vygodski was ordered by the German occupation, led by Franz Murer, to join the Jewish council of the Vilna forced ghetto established by the Germans . He refused to cooperate with the Germans and was arrested by the German SS and murdered in Lukiškės prison .
family
Vygodski's daughter Aleksandra Brusztein (1884–1968) was a Russian writer, one granddaughter was the ballerina and choreographer Nadeschda Nadeschdina (1908–1979).
Fonts (selection)
- In shturm: Zikhroynes fun di okupatsye-tsaytn . Vilna, 1926 (describes the German occupation of Vilna)
- In going, zikhroynes fun di daytshe tfises beshas the velt-milkhome . Wilna, 1927 (describes his imprisonment in Germany)
- In zambatyen, zikhroynes fun tsveytn seym, 1922-1927 . Vilnius, 1931 (describes his political experiences in the Polish Parliament)
- Di yinge yohren .
literature
- Joachim Tauber: Work as Hope: Jewish Ghettos in Lithuania 1941-1944 , Berlin: De Gruyter, 2015
Web links
- Literature by and about Jakob Wygodski in the bibliographic database WorldCat
- Yakov Wigodski , at haGalil
- Shlomo Netzer: Wygodzki, Jakub , translation from Hebrew into English Rami Hann. In: YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, 2008
Individual evidence
- ↑ Matthias Kolb: The former Jerusalem of the East. Vilnius is this year's European Capital of Culture , on Deutschlandradio Kultur , August 24, 2009
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Wygodski, Jakob |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Lithuanian doctor and politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 3, 1856 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Babruysk |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 1941 |
| Place of death | Vilna |