James Olds

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

James Olds (born May 30, 1922 in Chicago , † August 21, 1976 in California ) was an American psychologist .

Life

James Olds worked on the reward system in the brain and is considered one of the founders of modern neuroscience . In 1954, Olds demonstrated in an experiment with rats that, if they were enabled to activate an electrical probe placed in their hypothamalus pleasure center, these rats did this up to eight thousand times an hour, for hours or days, without any interruption Interested in eating, having sex, or practicing sleep yourself.

He grew up in Nyack , New York , and attended various schools, including a. the St. John's College in Annapolis . He studied at the University of Wisconsin – Madison and received his BA from Amherst College in 1947 . During the Second World War he served in the US Army. After the war he received his Ph.D. at Harvard University . James Olds was professor at the University of Michigan from 1957 and at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) from 1969 . In 1966 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 1967 to the National Academy of Sciences .

James Olds died in 1976 in a swimming accident.

Publications

  • Olds, J. & P. ​​Milner: Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain . J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 47 (1954) 419-427.
  • A neural model for sign-gestalt theory . Psychol. Rev. 61 (1954) 59-72.
  • "Reward" from brain stimulation in the rat . Science 122 (1955) 878.
  • Growth and Structure of Motives (1956)
  • Approach-avoidance dissociations in rat brains . At the. J. Physiol. 199 (1960) 965-968.
  • Olds, J., and Olds, ME (1961): Interference and learning in paleocortical systems . In Brain mechanisms and learning (ed. JF Delafresnaye), pp. 153-88. Blackwell, Oxford.
  • Hypothalamic substrates of reward . Physiol. Rev. 42 (1962) 554-604
  • Operant conditioning of single unit responses . Proc. 23rd Congr. Physiological Sciences. Excerpta Med. Int. Congr. Ser. no. 87, 1965, pp. 372-80.
  • The limbic system and behavioral reinforcement. Prog. Brain Res. 27 (1967) 144-64.
  • The central nervous system and the reinforcement of behavior . At the. Psychol. 24 (1969) 114-32.
  • Olds, J., and Hirano, T .: Conditioned responses of hippocampal and other neurons. Electroencephalogr. clin. Neurophysiol. 26, 159-66 (1969).
  • Olds, J., and Best, PJ: Single unit patterns during anticipatory behavior . Electroencephalogr. clin. Neurophysiol. 26, 144-58 (1969).
  • Olds, J., Disterhoft, JF, Segal, M., Kornblith, CL, and Hirsh, R .: Learning centers of rat brain mapped by measuring latencies of conditioned unit responses . J. Neurophysiol. 35 (1972) 202-19.
  • Drives and reinforcements (1977)

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Isaac Asimov: The Exact Secrets of Our World. Building blocks of life , Droemer Knaur, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-426-03922-2 . Page 295.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Olds, James
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American psychologist
DATE OF BIRTH May 30, 1922
PLACE OF BIRTH Chicago
DATE OF DEATH August 21, 1976
Place of death California