Jamnapari
The Jamnapari or Jamunapari , occasionally also Chambal Queen , Chakarnagar Pari or Etawah , is a dairy breed of domestic goat that originated in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . The name is derived from the Yamuna river .
Origin and Distribution
The Jamnapari is a large breed of domestic goat from the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh , whose Etawah district with the Tehsils Bharthana and Chakarnagar is a center of their distribution. Another focus of the Jamnapuri attitude is the state of Madhya Pradesh , and there the district of Bhind . In its area of origin, the Jamnapari is also called Pari (German: angel ) because of its majestic appearance , the name Jamnapari or Jamunapari is derived from the name of the north Indian river Yamuna . Between 1918 and 1931 Jamnapari were exported in large numbers to Indonesia , where they are kept as a breed, but were also crossed with native breeds.
description
The Jamnapari's fur is predominantly white, with brown or beige spots on the head or neck. As a result of the crossbreeding of other races, there are also hybrids known as Jamnapari in black with brownish-red spots or other colors. Jamnapari have dense hair growth on their backs and legs. Both sexes have short to medium-long flat horns and a strongly convex "Roman" profile, the ears dropping down to over 25 centimeters long. The weight of adult animals is between 65 and 80 kg for goats and between 45 and 60 kg for goats, the birth weight is up to four kg and at the age of twelve months an average weight of 21.4 (18 to 25) kg is reached. The body length of adult goats is between 75 and 80 centimeters and of goats around 75 centimeters, the height at the withers is 77 to 80 centimeters (bucks) and around 75 centimeters (goats).
use
The Jamnapari is used both as a dairy goat and as a meat supplier. In India it is both the largest and, in terms of milk yield, the most productive goat breed. Compared to cattle and buffalo, it is easy to keep and provides quick yields, be it milk or meat. Jamnapari are mostly kept in rural areas by small farmers in herds of an average of seven animals. In their area of distribution in northern India they often contribute to more than 50 percent of the family income of the owners. Because of their anatomical peculiarities, the pronounced convex profile and the extremely long ears, Jamnapuri prefer to eat food from bushes and low trees. This is due to the fact that the lower lip first touches the ground when grazing, which makes it difficult to bite off, and that the ears cover the eyes when eating from the ground. Jamnapari can be kept temporarily without additional feeding, but this affects the milk yield.
reproduction
Sexual maturity is reached at an average age of 11.8 months (9 to 12), with a higher birth weight being associated with earlier sexual maturity. The first litter occurs between 20 and 25 months of age. A pregnancy follows an average of 1.4 mating . The litters include one to three lambs with an average litter size of 1.8 lambs. Different information is available about the proportion of multiple births: 33 (56, 57) percent of the litters were single births, 58 (43, 43) percent twin and 9 (1.-) percent triplet births, others.
Crossing into other races
In order to improve their characteristics, Jamnapuri were crossed into other breeds on a large scale. This affected Bangladesh at the end of the 20th century , where crossings with the very fertile Black Bengal goat were temporarily made in order to increase the slaughter weight. To the present day, such crossings are made with privately imported animals from India. From the Jamnapari exported to Indonesia between 1918 and 1931, the breed Peranakan Etawah emerged by crossing with the indigenous Katjang . In Malaysia were Boer goats from South Africa and Australia as well Jamnapuri from Indonesia introduced. These two breeds showed good acclimatization and were crossed into Malaysian breeds.
Endangered livestock breed
In 1972 the number of Jamnapuri goats in India was given as 580,000. According to the Ministry of Agriculture of Uttar Pradesh, however, only 5000 of them were pure-bred Jamnapuri, mostly in the Etawah district in the area bounded by the Yamuna and its tributary Chambal . For 1988 the number of 8040 and for 1991 of only 7350 goats was given, which often no longer showed the white color typical of the breed. In 1993, the Uttar Pradesh Ministry of Agriculture started a project to save and improve the breed. In 2000, a total of 124,000 Jamnapari were given for India, of which only 18,000 were pure-bred adult goats and 5,000 were goats.
Descendants
- Peranakan Etawah , also abbreviated PE or Bligon, is an Indonesian breed that emerged from the cross between the Jamnapari imported from India and the indigenous Katjang;
- Ramdhan or Kandari Ka Khana , a strain of the Jamnapari breed from Uttar Pradesh;
- Way Thali , a breed that emerged from the Jamnapari in Myanmar in the 1920s, with red-brown fur and long lop ears.
literature
- Valerie Porter: Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds, Types and Varieties, 5th Edition . CABI Publishing 2002, ISBN 0-85199-430-X .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Valerie Porter: Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds , p. 141.
- ↑ a b c d Alok Kumar Yadav and Jitendra Singh: Characteristics of Registered Indigenous Goat Breeds of India: An Overview . In: Indian Farmer 2016, Volume 3, No. 1, pp. 1-14, here pp. 5-6, ISSN 2394-1227 .
- ^ A b c Valerie Porter: Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds , p. 150.
- ^ A b R. M. Acharya: Sheep and Goat Breeds of India . Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome 1982, ISBN 92-5-101212-1 .
- ↑ a b c O. M. Ariff et al .: Maturing Pattern for Body Weight, Body Length and Height at Withers of Jamnapari and Boer Goats . In: Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 2010, Volume 33, No. 2, pp. 269-276, digitized .
- ↑ a b c d M. R. Hassan, MAI Talukder and S. Sultana: Evaluation of the production characteristics of the Jamunapari goat and its adaptability to farm conditions in Bangladesh . In: The Bangladesh Veterinarian 2010, Volume 27, No. 1, No. 26-35, digitized .
- ^ PK Rout et al .: Studies on behavioral patterns in Jamunapari goats . In: Small Ruminant Research 2002, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 185-188, doi: 10.1016 / S0921-4488 (02) 00011-1 .
- ↑ MR Amin, SS Husain and ABMM Islam: Evaluation of Black Bengal goats and their cross with the Jamunapari breed for carcass characteristics . In: Small Ruminant Research 2000, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 211-215, doi: 10.1016 / S0921-4488 (00) 00165-6 .
- ↑ PK Rout et al .: Characterization of Jamunapari goats in their home tract . In: Animal Genetic Resources Information 2000, No. 27, pp. 43-52, digitized version (entire issue).
- ↑ MS Tantia and PK Vij: Population estimates of sheep and goat breeds in India . In: Indian Journal of Animal Research 2000, Volume 34, No. 1, pp. 60-63, ISSN 0367-6722 .
- ^ Valerie Porter: Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds , p. 151.
- ^ Valerie Porter: Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds , p. 159.