Chambal

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Chambal
Chambal Gorge and Gandhi Sagar Dam

Chambal Gorge and Gandhi Sagar Dam

Data
location Madhya Pradesh , Rajasthan , Uttar Pradesh ( India )
River system Ganges
Drain over Yamuna  → Ganges  → Indian Ocean
source in the Vindhya Mountains
22 ° 26 ′ 35 ″  N , 75 ° 38 ′ 3 ″  E
Source height 854  m
muzzle in the Yamuna coordinates: 26 ° 29 ′ 20 "  N , 79 ° 14 ′ 50"  E, 26 ° 29 ′ 20 "  N , 79 ° 14 ′ 50"  E
Mouth height 122  m
Height difference 732 m
Bottom slope 0.83 ‰
length 885 km
Catchment area 132,508 km²
Drain MQ
 952 m³ / s
Drain MNQ 1996/2004
MHQ 1996/2004
 58.53 m³ / s
2,074.28 m³ / s
Left tributaries Banas , Mej
Right tributaries Kali Sindh , Parbati , Shipra
Reservoirs flowed through Jawahar Sagar , Rana Pratap Sagar , Gandhi Sagar , Kota barrage
Big cities Nagda , Kota
Main hydrological branch of the Ganges system
Course of the Chambal in the catchment area of ​​the Yamuna

Course of the Chambal in the catchment area of ​​the Yamuna

Lower reaches of the Chambal near Dholpur

Lower reaches of the Chambal near Dholpur

Middle reaches of the Chambal near Kota

Middle reaches of the Chambal near Kota

The Chambal ( Hindi : चम्बल , Cambal ) is an approx. 885 km long river in northern India , which belongs to the catchment area of ​​the Ganges . He is already mentioned in the Mahabharata under the name Charmanyavati (चर्मण्वती).

course

The Chambal rises in the central Indian Vindhya Mountains south of the city of Mhow near Indore ; it flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh , Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh in a mostly north or north-easterly direction and flows into the Yamuna after about 885 km at Etawah . It is not only their longest tributary, but also exceeds them in size, which further applies to the confluence of the Yamuna in the Ganges further downstream. The Chambal drains the Malwa landscape between the Aravalli and Vindhya mountains.

Cities

The largest city on its banks is the megacity of Kota in Rajasthan; the second largest city is Nagda with around 100,000 inhabitants.

Reservoirs

With its tributaries on the edge of the Dekkan Plateau, the river has created a branching system of gorges in which it forms several rapids and is dammed in three places to use its water power .

ecology

The catchment area lies in a semi-arid to semi-humid climatic area, which is characterized by savannah-like vegetation with thorny woods and deciduous dry forests. In the hilly edge area of ​​the Ganges plain , the agricultural areas are widely affected by soil erosion .

The still less polluted river offers a habitat for some endangered animal species, including the Ganges dolphin , the gharial and the marsh crocodile . In the lower reaches, two sections totaling around 425 km in length have been declared protected areas.

See also

Web links

Commons : Chambal  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Assessment of minimun water flow requirements of Chambal River in the context of Gharial ( Gavialis gangeticus ) and Gangetic Dolphin ( Platanista gangetica ) conservation (PDF 2.2 MB) Wildlife Institute of India.
  2. ^ Chambal River Water Database
  3. ↑ Chambal basin (PDF 21.6 kB) National Water Development Agency.
  4. ↑ GK Ambili: Hydrology and Water Resources of the Indo-Gangetic basin (IWMI International Water Management Institute, New Delhi)
  5. ↑ (Note :) Average water flow (MQ):
    Chambal at the mouth: 952 m³ / s
    Yamuna above the Chambal mouth: 430 m³ / s
    Yamuna at its mouth: 2940 m³ / s
    Ganges above the Yamuna mouth: 1870 m³ / s