Jan Žižka's birthplace

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Monument to Jan Žižka
Memorial stone at the location of the Žižka oak
Well in the yard of Mikeš Žižka
Foundation walls of Jan Žižka's court
Foundations of Mikeš Žižka's farm
Museum building

The Jan Žižka Birthplace ( Žižkovo rodiště in Czech ) is a national cultural monument in the Czech Republic . It is located two kilometers south of the village Trocnov (until 1949 Záluží ) on the site of the Trocznow farm.

geography

The memorial is located in the middle of the Žižka forest in the source of a right tributary to the Trocnovský potok brook at the Velký Trocnov and Malý Trocnov ponds. To the north of the ponds are the remains of the Mikeš farm ( Mikšův dvorec ), to the south those of Jan Žižka's father’s farm ( Žižkův dvorec ) with the museum and the Jan Žižka monument. To the west stands the memorial stone for the Žižka oak. A branch from the road between Trocnov and Ostrolovský Újezd leads to the memorial .

history

Trocznow

The settlement of Trocznow, consisting of two courtyards, was probably built in the 14th century. In the middle of the 14th century, the owners of both farms were the small noble brothers Mikeš and Řehoř Žižka, who had the title of Trocznow and a cancer in their coat of arms. In 1359 or 1360 Jan Žižka was born here as the son of Řehoř and Johana Žižka and baptized in Střížov . Legend has it that the birth took place under a mighty oak during a storm. In 1378 Mikeš Žižka von Trocznow sold his farm to Vilém Puček von Trautmans . In 1484 Oldřich von Dvorec sold the Trocznow estate to the Forbes Augustinian monastery . Both farms went out during this time. After the Thirty Years War was Trocnow only the farmer Barta Tragenař resident. He sold his farm in 1654 for 100 Meißnische Schock to the Augustinian Forbes monastery , which merged the farm with the other one that had been abandoned since the war and had the Trotzenau farm to the south of the extinct Žižkahöfe . Since the place served the Czech population as a memorial for the Hussite leader Jan Žižka, the Forbes provost Conrad Fischer had the Žižka oak felled in 1682 and a chapel dedicated to John the Baptist built in its place. This received the Latin inscription Hic locus olim exosus Joannis nativitate Zizkae, nunc ex asse nativitati Joannis Baptistae ( This place, hated for the sake of the birth of Johann Žižka, is now entirely dedicated to the birth of John the Baptist ). Another inscription was later placed in the chapel: Jan Žižka z Trocnowa slepey zlé paměti tu se naradil ( Johann Žižka von Trocnow the blind, evil memory, was born here ). After the abolition of the Forbes monastery, Joseph I von Schwarzenberg acquired the monastery property in 1787 and formed the Allodialgut Forbes from it.

After the abolition of patrimonial the Trotzenau Meierhof became part of the cadastre of Záluží in the Radostin municipality from 1850 . During the time of the national rebirth of the Czechs , the desire to erect a memorial to Jan Žižka at his birthplace developed, which the landowner Johann Adolf II zu Schwarzenberg strictly rejected. For this reason, a monument to Žižka was finally erected in Forbes in 1893. Due to increasing public pressure, Adolf Joseph zu Schwarzenberg approved in 1908 instead of the Chapel of St. John of Nepomuk erected a memorial stone for Jan Žižka.

memorial

The beginning of the memorial can be found in the memorial stone for Jan Žižka erected in 1908 at the former location of the Žižka oak. After the establishment of Czechoslovakia , archaeological investigations began under the direction of Jan Petřík, during which the remains of the farm of Mikeš Žižka were uncovered and believed to be the farm of Jan Žižka. In the course of the land reform, the Trocnov farm became the property of the state in 1923. In 1956, during extensive excavations led by the archaeologist Antonín Hejna from the Archaeological Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (ČSAV), the foundation walls of Jan Žižka's court were discovered and exposed. Between 1957 and 1960 it was transformed into a museum of the Hussite movement . From 1958 to 1960, the sculptor Josef Malejovský created a twelve-meter-high monumental monument for the military leader from Liberec rose granite . A well nine meters deep was uncovered at Mikeš Žižka's farm. In 1974 and 1979, festivities were held on the site on the occasion of the 550th and 555th anniversary of the death of Jan Žižka. A museum on the history of the Hussite movement was also created. Since 1960 the birthplace of Jan Žižka has been a monument and since 1978 a national cultural monument.

Web links

Commons : Jan Žižka Memorial, Trocnov  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia, Vol. 9: Budweiser Kreis. 1840, pp. 188-189.

Coordinates: 48 ° 53 ′ 39 ″  N , 14 ° 36 ′ 24 ″  E