Jan Krukowiecki
Jan Graf Krukowiecki (born December 15, 1772 in Lwow , † April 17, 1850 in Popień, Rogów area ) was a Polish general and in the final phase of the November uprising was temporarily the Polish head of government with dictatorial powers.
Life
He was trained at the Theresianum in Vienna and joined the Austrian army. At a young age he was involved in numerous duels. At times he was adjutant to Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser . He resigned from the army to protest against the suppression of the Kościuszko uprising .
During the Napoleonic period he joined the French army and that of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and took part in various campaigns. During the Russian campaign he was awarded the Legion of Honor and promoted to Général de brigade . During the Battle of Leipzig (October 1813) he led the 18th light cavalry brigade. In 1814 Alexander I entrusted him with various diplomatic missions. In Congress Poland he served in the Polish army.
After the start of the November uprising, he initially applied in vain for the post of commander-in-chief of the insurgents. Instead, he was promoted to general and division commander. As such, he achieved some military successes. He was also involved in the Battle of Grochów .
Because of conflicts with other leading insurgents, he lost the active command post and was instead governor of Warsaw . As such, he successfully ensured public order and fortification of the city. Because he insulted another general after a defeat by the insurgents, he had to resign. As a result, he participated in the "movement party." After the Warsaw riots on August 15, 1831, he was reappointed Governor General of Warsaw and restored order.
After the end of the government under Adam Jerzy Czartoryski , Krukowiecki had the parliament surrounded by troops. He forced the MPs to change the government. Instead of a collegial body made up of five members, there was a president with responsible ministers. On August 17th, the Landbote (members of the second chamber of the Sejm ) elected him President of the Government. He had almost dictatorial powers and was also de facto Commander in Chief. But he tried to integrate all political currents and therefore appointed ministers from the various camps.
He failed to defend the city against the Russians and had to surrender. He had previously been dismissed because of his willingness to negotiate with the Russians. Bonawentura Niemojowski was succeeded as head of the now largely powerless government . Krukowiecki was banished to Siberia by the victors . He was later allowed to return to Poland and lived as a privateer.
Individual evidence
- ^ Piotr Wandycz : The Lands of Partitioned Poland, 1795-1918 . University of Washington Press, 1975 p. 116
literature
- General German real encyclopedia for the educated classes. Vol. 9 Leipzig, 1853 240
- Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Volume 11. Leipzig 1907, p. 747. Online version
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Krukowiecki, Jan |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Krukowiecki, Jan Graf (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish general, head of government during the November uprising |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 15, 1772 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Lwow |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 17, 1850 |
| Place of death | Popień |