Janssen mills
As Janssen mills are several mills , made up, on the grounds of Wittenburger road near the hamlet Neumühle in Schwerin were. They were put into operation from 1862 by the tenant Wilhelm Janssen and his family and destroyed in a fire in 1914.
Location and surroundings
Because the owners of the Schwerin inland mill , the so-called Grafenmühle, were often unable to work in the summer due to a lack of water, they could have placed the order in 1819 to add the first Holländer-Erd-Galerie windmill on the Wittenburger Berg on the Landstrasse after Klein-Rogahn at the gates of Schwerin. The miller is a noble child, water and wind work for him. ( Proverb )
In the year 1843/44 the owner of the inner mill Schwerin (Binnenmüller) Heldt built another Dutch gallery windmill with two rolling mills in the western area of the city of Schwerin at the Wittenburger Tor also on the road to Klein-Rogahn. These two mills, located just outside the city of Schwerin, were leased to Wilhelm Janssen in 1862 for 10 years and 2,500 thalers a year .
In addition to the two Dutch windmills acquired in 1863 by the tenant family Janssen on the hills on Wittenburger Chaussee not far from Schwerin, more came into the possession of Wilhelm in 1892, namely the two windmills of the Bischofsmühle of the Pingel brothers and their steam-powered mill on Schweriner Wismarschen Strasse Janssen added.
References to building history
The mills in the hands of mill owner Johann Wilhelm Helmut Janssen, who in 1875 added a steam mill factory building to the Holländer-Galerie-Windmühlen built by Heldt in 1844, which once stood on the slope not far from Wittenburger Chaussee, which was still preserved in his time the Heldtsche windmill, powered by wind power, has five blades.
Both of the Dutch gallery windmills operated by the mill leaseholder Wilhelm Janssen had a gallery all around, but the factory-industrial-steam-engine-mill drive building was a three- and four-story brick-walled solid building. From 1863 to 1894, the mill operator Wilhelm Janssen carried out the production of grain and flour using both wind and steam power. From 1894, the five-wind turbine drive of the Herldtschen Holländer-Galerie Janssen-Mühle was discontinued, the Holländer-Galerie-Mühle was almost completely removed and the grain was ground into flour in the Janssen-Mühle using only a steam engine.
On October 1, 1896, there was a fire in Janssen's steam mill factory on Wittenburger Chaussee, and it burned down. Johann Wilhelm Helmut Janssen died in 1897.
In June 1914 the entire rebuilt mill was completely destroyed by a fire. The Janssen family's mill last covered an area of 8,707 square inches , which means that the operation itself occupied an area of 1,025.53 square meters. The extent to which people were harmed is not known. In any case, Wilhelm Janssen (junior) was not injured in the fire, because it is known that he had to cede the Bischofs-Dampfantriebs-Mühle, located on Schweriner Wismarschen Strasse, to a new mill owner named Deppen in 1915.
Successor buildings
The mountainous area on which the former Janssen mills (1862–1914) were located on Wittenburger Chaussee has been completely converted into fields and arable land. The Janssen family was unable to enforce their plans to start a new existence - the plan was to build a large mill on Lake Ziegelsee - with the then grand ducal trade commission (building authority). She moved her main residence and business to Bad Kleinen near the Schwerin outer lake. The mills were built by the brothers Wilhelm and Werner Janssen in Bad Kleinen since 1910, also from 1912 to 1914 - the new mill was put into operation in 1916.
The family company Janssen in Bad Kleinen has grown into a large flour producer with a rail connection in Northern Germany. Grain was also transported by water across Lake Schwerin with barges to Bad Kleinen to Janssens Mühle. The mill in Bad Kleinen had a capacity of 10,000 tons for wheat and rye grain. In 1924 the capacity of the Janssen mill was doubled to 20,000 tons. Wilhelm Janssen (junior) died in 1925.
The forced takeover of the Janssen mill operations in the Reichsnährstand interrupted the normal economic development of the family business and led to a fundamental change. For each of the mills owned by the Janssen family, a basic monthly grinding quota was set, of which set percentage quotas were then also released for processing. The setting of the basic quota was based on sales from the years 1927 to 1932 as the reference period. The basic grinding contingent of the quantity delivered in the export was not taken into account for the calculation. With a grinding quantity of approx. 21,000 t per year, it was compulsorily stipulated that the output hardly had to be 50% (i.e. only 11,000 t based on visual milling output) - while the output of other commercial mills was quoted at 60%. When the quotas for all of the mills were also reduced, the Janssen family and their mills were clearly disadvantaged compared to other businesses. Due to the Reichsnährstands legislation of the National Socialists , the Janssen family's milling operations had to be placed in the hands of three owners.
Extension buildings such as an administration building and a new grain silo - in accordance with the then current technical standard - were added to the mill in 1938.
In summary, in a letter dated February 19, 1948, the Janssen family declared to the Mecklenburg state parliament that they were by no means beneficiaries of the Nazi forced economy, especially since the situation is increasing the grinding rate of the Janssen mills due to the increasing bomb damage to mills in western Germany deteriorated.
In Schwerin, Lübecker Straße 208, there was a Schrothmühle also (called Hammermühle) until the end of the Second World War, which was owned by the Janssen family company, but was probably operated by the German Wehrmacht. This mill and the associated granary of the later VVAB-Getreidewirtschaft on today's property Mühlentwiete 4 were confiscated in the Soviet occupation zone in 1948 - before the founding of the GDR - and the Janssen family expropriated , which also led to the closure of further mills . The grist or hammer mill and the granary of the VVAB-Getreidewirtschaft also had a bakery attached. The garrison bakery, which was once built there since 1888 for the Grand Ducal military in Schwerin - its capacity exceeded the needs of the Schwerin garrison so that, among other things, the garrison town of Ludwigslust could be supplied. In the 1930s, the "mill - bakery" and granary complex in Lübercker Strasse were significantly expanded. From 1945 onwards, the central garrison bakery of the Soviet military administration was located there, now almost exclusively for the Red Army until their departure in 1993, when bread was baked.
In 1989, 72 employees were still producing 22,000 tons of flour in Bad Kleinen. In 1993 the company was transferred to the Swedish company Nordmils in connection with the fiduciary, structural change economic reform.
The flour production of the Bad Kleiner Janssen-Nordmils-Mühlen was gradually discontinued in the course of the change of ownership - since 1996 the milling operation has been permanently inactive. The unused mill buildings, which are under monument protection , and the associated outbuildings are owned by the Heimatverein Bad Kleinen e. V. supervised.
literature
- Hans Beltz: The Schwerin grain mills from the beginning to the present . In: Mecklenburgische Jahrbücher . tape 96 , 1932, pp. 105-106 ( Document server of the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Library [accessed on July 16, 2016]).
- Udo Brinker: Chronicle of the city of Schwerin. From the beginning to the present. (Self-published) Production office Tinus, Schwerin 2011, ISBN 978-3-9814380-2-4 , pp. 60, 63, 91, 205.
- State Office for Culture and Monument Preservation MV State Capital Archive Schwerin Custody Janssen mill factory records 6.11-11 3105 * 3684 * / 1 Janssens (hammer mill) in Schwerin Protocol: Association of mills Bad Kleinen and Rostock / Meckl. Stefan Str. 10 July 22, 1949 page 37.
- State Office for Culture and the Preservation of Monuments MV State Main Archive Schwerin Janssen mill factory custody files 6.11-11 3105 * Wismar district Title - The W. Janssen company in Bad Kleinen Protocol: Lübeck, February 19, 1948
- Professions im proverb Strich / Richey Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig 1984 2nd, unchanged edition Publishing license no. 433130/228/84 - Müller - page 23/24
swell
- Schwerin City Archives Sixth Appendix Subject Index Page 6/10 Printed November 18, 1910 plus Trade Commission (building authority)
- Historical photo material around 1900 Publisher Paul Grabbe W. Janssen Inland and Bischofsmühle / Sales Lübecker Str. Schwerin Source city archive
- Mecklenburg-Vorpommern State Library Mecklenburg Foundation 1978; 105 Industry in Mecklenburg W. Janssen Mühle (Fig.) Bad Kleinen
- The unused factory giant - solid construction in Bad Kleinen Janssensmühlen 1916–1996 Bad Kleinen Heimatverein e. V.
- Horst Zänger: Schwerin Reading Books , State Library Schwerin - Mühlen p. 18, edition tezet, Schwerin 1999, ISBN 3-928820-97-4
Individual evidence
- ^ Mühlenwerke Bad Kleinen. Empty factory giant on Lake Schwerin. Days of Industrial Culture. Am Wasser 2015. Hamburg Metropolitan Region, accessed on July 16, 2016