Bischofsmühle (Schwerin)
Various mills on the Aubach in Schwerin were called Bischofsmühle .
The first mill with this name was first mentioned in Schwerin in 1178 and was once one of the oldest mills in Mecklenburg. A younger mill with this name was built in 1763, after the renovation in 1860 it was operated as a steam mill, shut down in 1925 and demolished in 1933. The Bischofsmühle stood on the Mayor's Bathing Square, which was located to the north-west of the city and dammed the water of Lake Medeweg. The so-called underwater and open water flowed into the Pfaffenteich when it was not dammed. Since there was a lack of suitable locations in Schwerin to operate water mills, windmills were increasingly used.
The Bischofsmühle, which was put into operation in 1763, also included a Dutch gallery and windmill built in 1824 and a post windmill that existed on site around 1850 (once stood on the shelf at the Jewish cemetery / Kämmereihof in 1749 because of wind damage at the new location Luisenplatz Bahnhofsgelände Klein-Medewege implemented) both mills were mentioned together with his brother from 1854 by Karl Pingel and from 1871 north of what was then Augustenstrasse (today west of the street “Zum Bahnhof”). The Galerie-Holländer Windmill had a basement walled with bricks and an octagonal gallery construction that was supported by wooden support beams. The tower structure was clad with thatch and provided with windows, and the roof hood was covered with shingles. The blades of the mill were 12 meters long. With the power of the wind, the mill system generated an output of 20 HP (around 15 kW). The hood had a gallery and was automatically turned to face the wind by a compass rose. From 1892 the two mills went to Janssen-Mühlen (Schwerin), the owner of the Schwerin windmills on Wittenburger Chaussee, the episcopal post mill was demolished by Janssen in 1893 and the gallery - Holländer Windmühle was sold by Janssens in 1897 to Müller Brüssow and the again passed this on to his brother in 1906. Müller Moll was the last tenant of the Dutch mill. On June 19, 1911, the upper wooden structure of the mill was struck by lightning and burned down. On the same grounds as the mill building, the bricks from the basement that were still usable were later reused in a residential building with decorative facade elements in Art Nouveau style that still exists today. This type of residential building is still located today at 11 Pestalozzistraße, in the middle of a newly developed residential area built there in the 1930s.
Location and surroundings
On Schwerin city maps from the first half of the 18th century, the entire floodplain as far as Lake Medeweg was once recognized as flooded. That is why the relatively small mill pond is apparently only a relic of an earlier dam. A short dam over the Aubach dammed the brook in a narrow valley up to the Medeweg lake . The former settlers had already recognized this possibility when the city of Schwerin was founded in 1160. But building a mill there at that time was still very uncertain because of its unprotected location far from the city of Schwerin. It suggests that it was built later after 1167; possibly even after 1171, because it was not yet listed in a certificate of approval for the diocese of Schwerin at that time .
The old, water-powered mill was located on the dammed mill pond and the adjacent open water on the old road to Wismar near the Ziegelsee and on the Pfaffenteich created by the embankment on the Aubach. Among other things, the dam that separates the Mühlenteich (Pfaffenteich) from the Ziegelsee is mentioned for the first time in a document from the then Count von Schwerin and is expressly referred to as Mühlendamm. To protect against erosion, the dam was supported with piles. The name “Spieltordamm”, which was coined later, is derived from the word “Spil” (post). The dam was accessible through the game gate (guard house), which was demolished in 1816. Ten years later the dam was permanently expanded. The Dutch windmill stood above the Windmühlenberg on the way to Klein Medewege. The post mill once stood in the room there.
In 1763 the second mill was built near Wismarschen Strasse and the drainage ditch leading to the Ziegelsee. The old water mill was in the yard of the gas works. It also only disappeared in the 1930s.
architecture
A painting from 1840 can be added to the architecture of the old, water-powered mill on the Aubach using historical images. The Schwerin grain mills on the Pfaffenteich, in the foreground the post mill and the Bischofsmühle, which was first mentioned in 1178 - the buildings on the right in front of the so-called Wismarschen gatehouse are shown. Now more detailed descriptions of the architecture of the Alte Bischofsmühle could be made if necessary. On a Fig. 1 on page 104 the gable foundation wall of the old Bischofsmühle can be recognized again - regarding the description of the picture, two mill wheels, once arranged one behind the other, are clearly visible at the two openings in the basement wall, also recognizing the old bridge of the mill dam to the open water drain. More on the pictures on page -12- Schwerin series of stories Bibliography - you can also see the no longer existing mill pond - with the Wismarschen Tor and the second, the newer Bischofsmühlen - but the water of the Aubache still flows into the Pfaffenteich. Since when it was named locally as the Pfaffenteich and whether there is a connection with the former canons' gardens on the east bank of the pond can only be guessed at. In Caspar Merian's prospectus it was referred to as “Papen Teich”. The possibility of even older written certificates cannot be ruled out. The construction and data of the younger mill from 1763, also operated with water, is described.
Construction and data
To the historical, technical and constructional data of the old water mill , which has actually existed since 1178 church records (document) in writing since 1186 with the addition in the north of the city and also graphically proven, more can now be added that it deals with among several half-timbered structures that may be accessible with each other - buildings acted with at least two windows on the gable fundament wall, etc. The post mill and the Dutch windmill are also shown in their typical designs by Theodor Schlopke.
In 1763 the miller Röper built a second overshot mill driven by a water wheel on the dammed mill pond with a drainage ditch towards the Ziegelsee, the so-called younger bishop's mill. In 1842 it was powered by a water turbine. This mill, built in 1763, was rebuilt in 1860, an almost square, four-story brick structure with half-timbering and instead of a water turbine it was now powered by steam. This mill was not shut down until 1925 and stood there until 1933 where the Obotritenring No. 1 and 3 houses are located today at the intersection with Wismarschen Straße .
History of origin
The oldest mill described was not built until after 1167, more likely after 1171 and probably still outside the area built by the settlers in 1160 and the area conquered by the city founder of Schwerin, Heinrich the Lion . The Dutch windmill and the post windmill existed with a probability bordering on certainty during the lifetime of the painter Theodor Schloepke , because his drawing around 1850 clearly and credibly documents their existence. The second younger mill, which was built in 1763 - received a water turbine drive in 1842, but was converted into a steam-powered mill in 1860.
History of the building
The oldest mill was built by mill builders who were brought into the country of Heinrich the Lion in Schwerin from the Netherlands and Flanders . First mentions of this are only known from the year 1178. During the Swedish occupation of Schwerin, the bishop's mill burned down in the first days of 1642. The old mill / mill pond ensemble was put back into operation in 1649, and it was declared part of the domanium in Schwerin. The small mill pond is shown for the first time in 1819. In 1840 the Bischofsmühle became the property of the city of Schwerin, only to be taken over into private hands soon after. The Dutch and post windmill existed at the time of the Schwerin painter Theodor Schloepke and the younger mill, i.e. the second bishop's mill, built in 1763, then rebuilt in 1860 on the spot where houses Obotritenring 1 and 3 are today. This mill once drained into the Ziegelsee and therefore had a greater gradient than the apparently old mill located on the open water opposite. In place of the Bischofsmühle built in 1763, which was driven by water wheels, the mill leaseholder Röper used water turbine drives in 1842 - steam powered the Bischofsmühle from 1860 onwards. In 1864 the previous tenant Karl Pingel bought the grand ducal mill for a value of 43,000 thalers - and in 1915 the bishop's steam mill, still owned by the flour merchant family Wilhelm Janssens, was sold to the new owner of the mill, the miller Louis Deppen, who was divided into years In 1916/17 a small flake and grain mill was added to the mill. And in 1919 the owner of the mill, Louis Deppen, had the steam drive system replaced by a 136 hp Siemens-Schuckert motor, the daily capacity of the mill was around 1100 ctn. grown. The economic decline in the mill business forced the miller Deppen to shut down the Bischofsmühle in 1925. Due to the changed road layout, the mill pond has completely disappeared except for the still flowing Aubach and the mill, which was in operation until 1925, was demolished in 1933. The foundations of the old bishop's mill and the bridge under which the weir was located have been preserved; traffic to Wismar went over it for centuries .
The historical relationship between the mill area and the street layout developed over the centuries according to the urban needs of its residents in the area of the mayor's bathing area. The name was introduced in 1908 for the intersection area. Basically almost everything that once belonged to the Bischofsmühle area has now been removed so carefully and thoroughly that you could believe you can no longer imagine the historical area and goings-on there - is it still the written ones Recording and image materials and the preserved Aubach Bridge, which has a bridge stone signed in 1773 - these are all evidence of an eventful history of this once idyllic place there.
In place of the mill, which was demolished in 1933, a semicircular residential and commercial building was built in 1934 according to plans by the architect Hans Stoffers .
literature
- Hans Beltz: The Schwerin grain mills from the beginning to the present . In: Mecklenburgische Jahrbücher . tape 96 , 1932, pp. 85-134 ( document server of the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Library [accessed on June 4, 2016]).
- Schwerin Series - Schwerin Information / Dietrich Bartels Editor - Drawings and Photo Material Reproductions Niels Rührberg Thomas Helm, the Schwerin City Archive and other research material made available by the authors. Printing Druckerei Schweriner Volkszeitung D 38/85 5000 (1527) II-16-8
- Schweriner customer magazine - hauspost www.hauspost.de No. 162 August 2011 Page 1 Editorial "Spieltordamm"
- Schwerin Stories: Part 1 - The Bischofsmühle was in operation until 1914 - Schwerin express Region April 13, 2013 page 6. Author Horst Zänger
- The old mill at Aubach - Schweriner Express - 13.01.2018 page 02 Author: HJFA
- Die Alte Bischofsmühle - Schweriner Express - 01/20/2018 Page 02 Author: HJFA
- Energy source of the watermills The Aubach flows - over 24 kilometers from Lake Dambecker to the Pfaffenteich -Schweriner express region January 25, 2017 page 9. Author Horst Zänger
- Germany / Urban Development Council of the Capital Schwerin - Author Andreas Hamann DARI-Verlag Berlin-Halensee 1922 Bischofsmühle Louis Deppen Page 50
See also
Web links
- Literature about Bischofsmühle (Schwerin) in the state bibliography MV
- Mühle receives a functional model from the Schweriner Zeitung
Individual evidence
- ↑ Erich Brost: Bischofsmühle received a turbine in 1842. Mecklenburg government sold state mills. In: Norddeutsche Zeitung , Schwerin, 1980, No. 270, p. 6.
- ↑ Erich Brost: Almost all mills burned down. The last to be demolished in 1933 was the Bischofsmühle. In: Norddeutsche Zeitung , Schwerin, 1980, No. 276, p. 6.
Coordinates: 53 ° 38 ′ 14.9 " N , 11 ° 24 ′ 31.2" E