Jarocińska Kolej Dojazdowa
| Jarocińska Kolej Dojazdowa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Route length: | 82.4 km | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gauge : | 600 mm ( narrow gauge ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Jarocińska Kolej Dojazdowa was a narrow-gauge railway in what is now the Polish Voivodeship of Greater Poland with a gauge of 600 mm. The route network had a maximum extension of 82.4 kilometers.
history
The "Jarotschiner Kreisbahn" was opened on November 1st, 1902. Its starting point was not in the district town of Jarotschin ( Jarocin ), but in Witaschütz ( Witaszyce ) , which is also located six kilometers south-east on the Poznan – Katowice railway line . The reason for the construction was to supply the Witaschütz sugar factory, which went into operation in 1897. The main line was 29 kilometers long and led to Komorze . In Sucha, a 4.5-kilometer branch line branched off to Robakow ( Robaków ) just before the border with the Russian Empire . From the beginning, passenger traffic was also used on both routes. In 1914 three pairs of trains ran daily.
Along the route created numerous light railway connections, on 3 November 1909, the circular path also took one operated only in the freight branch of Przybyslaw ( Przybysław ) to Konstancin in operation, on August 3 in 1911 according lgov ( lgov was extended). Another freight traffic branch was created during the First World War from a branch behind Twardow (today Twardów ) to Prussia ( Czermin ), it was opened on June 26, 1915.
With the Treaty of Versailles , the Prussian province of Posen and with it the Jarotschiner Kreisbahn became part of the newly formed Polish state on January 10, 1920. The Jarotschiner Kreisbahn was now called "Zarząd Jarocińskiej Kolei Powiatowej".
In the interwar period, there was no investment in the vehicle fleet or in the route. In 1926, only one pair of trains ran daily for passenger traffic, two more only once a week on Sunday evenings and Mondays. The summer timetable for 1939 only recorded two pairs of trains per week (Mondays and Fridays), which only served the branch to Robaków on the outward journey to Komorze. In 1936 around 1,100 passengers (i.e. around 21 per week) and around 27,100 tons of goods were carried.
In 1939, Greater Poland was annexed to Germany during the Second World War , and the railway company was renamed "Jarotschiner Eisenbahn". In 1939, the extension of the branch line from Robaków across the former German-Russian border began. For this purpose, a bridge was built over the Prosna , which should serve both rail traffic and road traffic. Due to the discovery of lawn iron ore deposits near Trąbczyn (referred to as "Drommin" during the German occupation), an extension there was planned from 1942. In autumn 1943, the Robaków – Trąbczyn section was opened for ore removal. In 1944 there was only one pair of passenger trains running daily between Witaszyce (then known as “Waidschütz”) and Trąbczyn. The section Sucha – Komorze, which originally formed the main line, was no longer served by passenger traffic. The construction of a branch line from Grabina, located on the new line, to Zagórów began under German occupation, but was no longer completed.
At the end of the Second World War, Greater Poland came back to Poland, the railway was now called "Jarocińska Wąskotorowa Kolej Powiatowa". On March 29, 1946, the decision was made to complete the branch to Zagórów. The construction was completed on August 29, 1947, the opening took place on December 10, 1947. Shortly afterwards, a new station building was built in Witaszyce. In 1948 the connection of the line with both the Krotoszyńska Kolej Dojazdowa and the Wrzesińska Kolej Dojazdowa was proposed, which also suggested changing the gauge to 750 mm. However, none of these plans was implemented.
In 1949 the line was nationalized and taken over by the Polish State Railways (PKP). The railway was henceforth called "Jarocińska Kolej Dojazdowa". Since then, passenger traffic has not only been carried out on the Witaszyce – Zagórów line, which has become the main line, but also on the branch lines to Komorze and Trąbczyn. In 1953 turntables were put into operation in Witaszyce, Komorze, Gizałki , Trąbczyn and Zagórów, which were necessary for the operation of facility railcars. In the 1960s, a crane for reloading onto standard gauge wagons was put into operation in Witaszyce.
At the end of the 1960s, passenger traffic on the Grabina – Trąbczyn section was discontinued. Renewed plans to re-track the remaining network failed due to the losses caused by the operation of the Jarocińska Kolej Dojazdowa. In 1971 it was decided to shut down the route network because the bridge over the Prosna was in need of repair. In May 1971 operations between Robaków and Zagórów and between Sucha and Komorze were closed. Due to local protests, the bridge was repaired until 1972.
In 1977 the sugar beet connecting railways were shut down because the clearance height of the underpass of the connecting track to the sugar factory under the main line did not allow the newly arrived diesel locomotives to operate and lowering the track was considered too costly. The volume of traffic continued to decrease. 1978 and 1979 the sections Przybysław – Lgów, Twardów – Czermin and Grabina – Trąbczyn were closed. In April 1987 the bridge over the Prosna had to be closed again for 3 months, but the intended total closure of the railway could be averted. At the end of the 1980s, the Sucha – Komorze section was closed.
In 1983 80,000 people still used the train, in 1986 only 58,000 people. In 1965, 140,000 tons of freight were transported in freight traffic, compared to only 41,000 tons in 1986.
In 1987, the closure of the remaining operations was planned for the end of 1990. Although an agreement was reached with freight transport customers on a price increase in September 1989, the shutdown was again planned for December 1990. On April 19, 1991, the Ministry of Transport finally decided to shut it down for July 1, 1991. The last train finally left on June 29, 1991. Efforts to continue operating the route by the neighboring communities could not be pursued, which was also due to the bridge over the national road in Witaszyce, which was too low for truck traffic. In June 1992 dismantling of the line in Witaszyce began. Then there were special trips on the rest of the route, from February 1993 the remaining route was also dismantled.
vehicles
After the shutdown, a railcar came to the Maltanka Park Railway in Poznan along with a passenger car and a few freight cars . A railcar appeared at Bydgoszcz Central Station, but has since disappeared. A number of freight cars were sold to Germany, including to the Berlin Park Railway . The only existing baggage car with a mail and passenger compartment came to a collector in Germany. Two freight cars are parked in Bad Malente in 2010 .
literature
- Siegfried Bufe: Railways in East Brandenburg and Posen. Bufe-Fachbuch-Verlag, Egglham 1999, ISBN 9783922138716 .
- Paweł Korcz: Atlas wąskotorówek. Poznański Klub Modelarzy Kolejowych, Poznań 2006, ISBN 83-920757-3-0 .
- Carsten Recht: The small railways in 600 mm gauge. 2nd edition, Kleinbahn-und-Karten-Verlag Recht, Buchholz 1996, ISBN 3-931122-01-8 .
- Krebs, Theodor: traffic problems of the new east: seen from the point of view of d. Traffic Department u. the authorized representative for local transport at d. Reich governor in the Gau Wartheland. Academ. Verl., Halle 1940.
- Wolff, Helmut u. a .: Old and new narrow-gauge railways in the incorporated east. 1941.
- Maciej Matuszewski: Z dziejów Jarocińskiej Kolei Dojazdowej 1902 - 1987 . Poznański Klub Modelarzy Kolejowych, Poznań 1988.
- Robert Lewicki: Kolej wąskotorowa w krajobrazie Ziemi Zagórowskiej . Wojewódzka Biblioteka Publiczna, Konin 1997, ISBN 83-87582-00-X .
- Marek Malczewski: Z kart historii. Zagórów. In: Parowozik , No. 1, 1991, pp. 10-11.
- Marek Malczewski and others: Witaszyckie "Lidki". In: Świat kolei , No. 3, 2006, ISSN 1234-5962 , pp. 30–31.