Konstancin-Jeziorna
| Konstancin-Jeziorna | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Mazovia | ||
| Powiat : | Piaseczno | ||
| Area : | 17.10 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 52 ° 5 ' N , 21 ° 7' E | ||
| Height : | 75-100 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 17,023 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 05-510, 05-511, 05-520 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 22 | ||
| License plate : | WPI | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DW721 | ||
| DW724 | |||
| Next international airport : | Warsaw | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Surface: | 78.28 km² | ||
| Residents: | 24,673 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 315 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 1418023 | ||
| Administration (as of 2014) | |||
| Mayor : | Kazimierz Jańczuk | ||
| Address: | ul.Piaseczyńska 77 05-520 Konstancin-Jeziorna |
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| Website : | www.konstancinjeziorna.pl | ||
Konstancin-Jeziorna is a small town in the Polish district of Piaseczno in the Masovian Voivodeship . The health resort , which borders the southern edge of Warsaw , was built in a pine forest. It is known for its numerous villas, many of which are listed , and is considered one of the most prominent residential addresses in Poland.
Geographical location
The urban area includes large areas of agricultural land and forests. In the east it is bordered by the natural, non-navigable Vistula with its sandy beaches. Beavers have settled in the nature reserve between the river and a kilometer-long dike against flooding. The Jeziorka River runs through the city . The southern and western districts were built in a pine forest, which is followed by a nature reserve . The local microclimate ensures that Konstancin is a favorite local recreation area for Warsaw residents. Konstancin-Jeziorna borders the Warsaw districts of Wilanów and Ursynów in the north, and the district town of Piaseczno in the west . Neighboring cities are still Karczew , about five kilometers east on the other bank of the Vistula and about 13 kilometers south of Góra Kalwaria .
history
Several of the towns that make up the present-day city developed along a trade route to Warsaw. Probably the oldest settlement is Cieciszew . There was already a parish there in the 13th century.
In the 1680s the palace at Obory was built. At the end of the 18th century, a paper mill was built in what is now Jeziorna. After the Third Partition of Poland , the places belonged to the Russian division, 1807 to the Duchy of Warsaw founded by Napoléon Bonaparte , in 1815 to Congress Poland , thus to the Tsarist Empire.
Konstancin was only founded in 1897. It was built by Count Witold Skórzewski and Władysław Mielżyński for summer retreat for wealthy citizens of Warsaw. The area south of the Jeziorka River comprised 225 acres of forest and wasteland. It was developed in two phases. First, two parks, a hotel, a casino, a train station, electricity and water supply were created. Then 262 plots of building land (between 3000 and 10000 m² each) were sold. Only one detached house was allowed to be built on each of them, the street front of which had to be at least six meters wide. This explains the magnificent villa architecture, which has largely been preserved. At the beginning it was mainly the very affluent class who took advantage of the possibilities of the place, later pensions were also created, which made relaxation possible for the middle class as well.
During the First World War there was fighting between Russians and Germans in the area of today's city. After the end of the war, the towns became part of the re-established Poland , and many members of the new state elite moved into villas in Konstancin. During the Second World War , the German occupiers requisitioned numerous villas, among them the "Governor of the Warsaw District", SA Oberführer Ludwig Fischer . On August 29, 1943, Fischer ordered his guards to disperse the spectators of a football game in Konstancin with aimed shots; there were several deaths. The occupation authorities had banned sporting events for Poles.
After the Warsaw Uprising was suppressed by the Germans, the Red Army marched in at the beginning of 1945 . During the People's Republic of Poland , most of the villas were expropriated and taken over by the party elite. Here lived among others, Boleslaw Bierut , Władysław Gomułka and Edward Gierek .
In 1962 a hospital was opened in Konstancin. In 1969 the administration of Konstancin and Jeziorna was merged and the current town of Konstancin-Jeziorna was created. In 1976, a rehabilitation center for accident victims was built in the district of Królewska Góra.
From 1975 to 1998 the municipality was part of the Warsaw Voivodeship . After the political change of 1989/90, many previous owners were able to take over their houses again. Dozens of new villas and several higher-standard settlements were also built.
Culture and sights
Museums
- the Museum of the History of Tales ( Muzeum Opowiadaczy Historii )
- the Museum of Papermaking ( Muzeum Papiernictwa )
Buildings
- Palace in Obory : The building was erected in the Baroque style in the Obory district in the 1680s ; it was given its current appearance after renovations in 1893.
- Old paper mill ( Stara Papiernia ): At the end of the 18th century, a paper mill was built in today's Jeziorna district, the first in Mazovia and one of the first in Poland. A workers' settlement was added in the middle of the 19th century. At the same time, a modern, much larger paper mill was built one kilometer away, Warszawskie Zakłady Papiernicze ; it ceased operations in 2012. The old paper mill burned out in 1984. In the 1990s, the buildings were rebuilt and rededicated as a shopping center. This includes cafes and restaurants. In this way a new town center was created.
spa
Konstancin-Jeziorna is a health resort. In 1980 a graduation tower was built. There are 437 beds available in the sanatoriums and health clinics.
local community
The urban and rural community ( gmina miejsko-wiejska ) Konstancin-Jeziorna has an area of 78.28 km², on which about 23,500 people live. The municipality includes the Schulz Offices ( sołectwo ) Bielawa , Borowina , Cieciszew , Ciszyca , Czarnów , Czernidła , Dębówka , Gassy , Habdzin , Jeziorna , Kawęczyn , Kawęczynek , Kępa Oborska , Kępa Okrzeska , Kierszek , Łęg , Nowe Wierzbno , Oborki , Okrzeszyn , Opacz , Parcela , Piaski , Słomczyn , Stare Wierzbno and Turowice .
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
In an east-west direction, Voivodeship Road 721 ( droga wojewódzka 721 ) runs through the city. Voivodeship Road 724 runs in north-south direction.
Konstancin-Jeziorna no longer has its own rail connection; There are regular bus connections to Warsaw. Since 2013 a ferry has been connecting the Gassy district with the small town of Karczew on the east bank of the Vistula from April to November .
The nearest international airport is the Frederic Chopin Airport in Warsaw , which is about 15 kilometers northwest of Konstancin-Jeziorna. Between the districts of Obory and Gassy there is an airfield for small planes and helicopters, which offer sightseeing flights over Warsaw and the region.
Personalities
Honorary citizen
- Józef Piłsudski (1867–1935), awarded in 1928
- Bogdan Jaworek , awarded in 1992
- Sue Ryder (1923 or 1924–2000), awarded in 1997
- Wil de 'Vreeze , awarded in 1997
- John Paul II (1920–2005), awarded in 1999
- Johan Van Reisen , awarded in 2000
- Józef Hlebowicz , awarded in 2000
- Marian Weiss , awarded 2001
Twin cities
- Leidschendam-Voorburg in the province of South Holland, the Netherlands
- Saint-Germain-en-Laye in the Île-de-France region, France
- Pisogne in Lombardy, Italy
- Hranice na Moravě in the Czech Republic
- Kremenets in western Ukraine
- Naujoji Vilnia in Lithuania
- Denzlingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
literature
- Tomasz Lachowski, Konstancin. Obrazy z przeszłości (Konstancin. Pictures from the past) , Publisher Definition Design, ISBN 83-923130-5-4 , 2008 (in Polish and English)
Web links
- City website (Polish)
- Link catalog on Konstancin-Jeziorna at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ ) (Polish)
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ The Hour of the Patriots of Poland, Second Farewell to the Communists . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , September 25, 2005.
- ↑ Information on the history of the city, unless otherwise stated, according to: Tomasz Lachowski: Konstancin. Obrazy z przeszłości / Pictures from the Past. Warsaw 2008.
- ↑ Thomas Urban : Black eagles, white eagles. German and Polish footballers at the heart of politics. Göttingen 2011, pp. 85-86.
- ↑ - ( Memento from June 28, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Dz.U. 1975 no 17 poz. 92 (Polish) (PDF file; 783 kB)
- ↑ pl-info.net, Konstancin-Jeziorna ( Memento from May 17, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on July 20, 2008
- ↑ Prom znów łączy Konstancin-Jeziornę z Karczewem , www.konstancinjeziorna.pl , April 26, 2017.