Ludwig Fischer (SA member)

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Ludwig Fischer
The governor of Warsaw Ludwig Fischer during the renaming of “Piłsudski-Platz” to “Adolf-Hitler-Platz” in Warsaw on September 1st, 1940, the anniversary of the beginning of the Second World War
Notice : Death penalty for unauthorized departure from Jewish districts, Warsaw, November 10, 1941
Ludwig Fischer, Ludwig Leist , Josef Meisinger and Max Daume in the dock (from the left in the second row), Warsaw 1947

Ludwig Fischer (born April 16, 1905 in Kaiserslautern , † March 8, 1947 in Warsaw ) was a German politician (NSDAP) and SA leader at the time of National Socialism and from 1939 to 1945 governor of the Warsaw district in the General Government of Poland. In March 1947, Fischer was sentenced to death as a war criminal in Poland and executed.

Life

Before World War II

Ludwig Fischer was the son of strict Catholic parents. He attended elementary school for 3¼ years and the upper secondary school in Kaiserslautern for nine years. He then studied law and political science in Heidelberg , Munich , Würzburg and Erlangen for five years . After completing the state examination in 1929, he was awarded a Dr. jur. PhD . The title of his dissertation , published in Munich in 1930, was: The omitted crime notification . From 1928 to 1932 he gained legal practice in Munich and Kaiserslautern. He was fluent in English and French.

Fischer was approached by the National Socialist movement at an early stage and joined the NSDAP on May 20, 1926 ( membership number 36.499) and in February 1929 the SA in Munich, local group Braunes Haus . There he lived in Obermenzing , Lindenallee 43, later Rathochstraße 87. On March 1, 1931, he entered the realm Legal Office of the NSDAP. There he took the position as deputy head of the legal department. In the same year he was promoted to SA Standartenführer in Division III with the Staff of the Supreme SA Leadership (OSAF).

After the seizure of power of the Nazis , he was appointed Governing Council 1933rd He joined the newly founded “ Academy for German Law ” under Reich Minister Hans Frank , where he held a position as chief of service. Fischer became a member of the Reichstag in November 1937 (constituency 23 Düsseldorf West).

On May 1, 1937, he was promoted to SA Oberführer. Fischer became head of the NSDAP's Reich Law Office in 1938 and did his military service in 1937.

Governor of Warsaw

When the General Government for the occupied Polish territories was founded by decree on October 26, 1939 , Fischer was appointed head of administration of the Warsaw District on October 24, 1939 and was thus directly subordinate to the Governor General, his former superior in the "Academy for German Law", Hans Frank . Fischer appointed the lawyer Heinz Auerswald as commissioner for the Jewish residential district. In December 1940 he called for the death penalty for Jews who had left the Warsaw ghetto without authorization .

On April 25, 1941, his title was changed to "Governor". He also rose further in the SA: on November 9, 1939, he was appointed SA Brigade Leader and on October 26, 1940 (on the occasion of the one-year existence of the General Government) as SA Group Leader. Fischer lived in a requisitioned villa in the posh Warsaw suburb of Konstancin . From April 10, 1943 to the end of May 1943, Fischer was acting governor in the Lublin district . On August 29, 1943, he ordered his guards to disperse the spectators of a football game in Konstancin with aimed shots; there were several deaths. The governor general had banned sporting events for Poland.

On August 9, 1944, Fischer was wounded during the Warsaw Uprising and received the Iron Cross II. Class and the K. V. K I with swords on August 22 . Fischer's lieutenant governor, the previous head of department in the presidential office of the governor of the Warsaw district, Herbert Hummel , was killed in the uprising.

Fischer fled Warsaw on January 17, 1945 and settled in Bad Neustadt an der Saale , where he was arrested by members of the US Army on May 10, 1945 . On March 30, 1946, he was extradited to the Polish authorities and charged with three other accused on December 17, 1946 in Warsaw. On March 3 of 1947 has been approved by the Supreme National Tribunal (Najwyższy Trybunał Narodowy) in Warsaw to death by hanging convicted and deprivation of political rights for life, the verdict was in Warsaw on March 8 mokotów prison enforced .

Private

Fischer was married to Freda Coblitz and had two daughters. Freda was the sister of the lawyer Wilhelm Coblitz , who installed the Institute for German Ostarbeit , which was installed in April 1940 by Hans Frank at the University of Krakow and also resided in buildings of the Jagiellonian University . Fischer was in private contact with Governor General Frank. The wives of both men often went on raids into the ghettos together to remove the last of their jewelry, furs and other valuables from the victims.

literature

Web links

Commons : Ludwig Fischer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Joseph Wulf : The Third Reich and its executors , Frankfurt / Main 1984, p. 311f
  2. ^ A b Bogdan Musial : German civil administration and persecution of Jews in the Generalgouvernement . Wiesbaden 1999, p. 384
  3. ↑ see entry at the DNB
  4. ^ Ludwig Fischer in the database of the members of the Reichstag
  5. ^ Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 . Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Second updated edition, Frankfurt am Main 2005, p. 154.
  6. ↑ Werner Präg, Wolfgang Jacobmeyer (ed.): The service diary of the German Governor General in Poland 1939-1945 . Stuttgart 1975, p. 948
  7. ↑ Thomas Urban : Black eagles, white eagles. German and Polish footballers at the heart of politics. Göttingen 2011, pp. 85–86.
personal data
SURNAME Fischer, Ludwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (NSDAP), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH April 16, 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH Kaiserslautern
DATE OF DEATH March 8, 1947
Place of death Warsaw