Johann Andreas Rauch

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Depiction (relief) by Johann Andreas Rauch on a plaque at House Bindstrasse 11 in Wangen

Johann Andreas Rauch (last name also Rauch , Rauhen or Rauh; * 1575 in Bregenz on Lake Constance , † around 1632 probably in Austria ) was a German painter and cartographer whose work was very important in southern German country panel painting. With his original representation, he has given cartography an important impetus overall. New rules for different elevation representations ( hatching ), later generally introduced into relief cartography, were (probably first) applied by him and none of the other southern German contemporary cartographers dealt with methodical cartographic questions as thoroughly as Johann Andreas Rauch.

Streak of life

Around 1601 Johann Andreas Rauch came to the Free Imperial City of Wangen im Allgäu , where he acquired citizenship over time and lived at Bindstrasse 11 until his death.

In the first few years he carried out various painting works on behalf of the city of Wangen, such as the redesign of the women's gate in 1608 , which has been preserved to this day. - Certainly triggered by an order, Johann Andreas Rauch began at some point to develop cartographic techniques and to create maps in the tradition of southern German land panel painting, such as Georg Gadner (1522–1605), Heinrich Schweickher (1526–1579) and Philipp Renlin (1545–1598) founded.

The Wangen country table from 1616

One of the first major works was the map of the cityscape of Wangen, completed in 1611. This map series, which is very important in terms of architectural history, has been preserved and is now in the town hall of Wangen. The houses shown on it in a steep bird's-eye view can be seen so precisely that the map is occasionally consulted when renovating buildings today.

In the years that followed until his death, Johann Andreas Rauch drew and painted a whole series of cartographic works in this way, the most outstanding of which was the Wangener Landtafel, completed around 1616. According to the Swiss historian and geographer Georges Grosjean (1921–2002), panel painting in southern Germany reached its peak with this work. This map (measuring 207 × 290 cm) has also been preserved and is now also in the town hall of Wangen. - To this end, Johann Andreas Rauch also created sacred works such as altarpieces.

A detail of the Wangener Landtafel: height differences are clearly highlighted by hatching

Information about the way Johann Andreas Rauch worked in his cartographic work has been preserved. The area to be mapped was usually recorded by him step by step and during these inspections he made numerous sketches of the local conditions, based on which he later designed the individual detailed images on his maps. These details such as groups of trees, bodies of water, borders, paths, farmsteads, towns, etc. are precisely reproduced. In addition, Johann Andreas Rauch has also devised and painted many scenes with people and animals in certain situations, which he often explains with texts, which gives his cards a very special expressiveness.

Johann Andreas Rauch has been married twice. His first wife died giving birth to his seventh child, he lost his second as well as his mother and several children to the plague in 1628. His last years of life were overshadowed by a legal dispute with the city of Lindau about the fee for the Lindauer Landtafel, in which he is said to have ruined himself economically. In order to ultimately get his rights in this unfortunate matter, Johann Andreas Rauch undertook a trip to the Imperial Councilor in Vienna around 1632 , during which he died at some point in an unknown place.

Some more country boards by Johann Andreas Rauch:

  • Cheeks 1611

  • Detail of Ravensburg and Weißenau 1622

  • Waldburg castle and village 1626

  • Wolfegg Castle 1628

Maps

  • 1610–1611 View of the city of Wangen (City Hall Wangen)
  • 1612–1614 Land table of the Margraviate of Burgau (in poor condition in the depot of the National Museum in Munich)
  • 1614 country table of the Achberg rule (lost)
  • 1615 map on a dispute between Austria, Ratzenried and Wangen (lost)
  • 1616 Land table of the Wangen high and low jurisdiction (City Hall Wangen)
  • 1617–1619 Map of the prince abbey of Kempten with the rule of Kemnat (lost)
  • 1620 map of Bregenz and surroundings (lost)
  • 1621 map of the border area between Ravensburg and the Landvogtei Schwaben (probably identical to the land table of the Weissenau monastery and the city of Ravensburg)
  • 1622 Map of the area of ​​the Weissenau Monastery and the City of Ravensburg (Museum of the City of Ravensburg)
  • 1622 Area and depiction of the shooting of Baron von Königsegg (Königseggwald archive)
  • 1623 map of the disputed area between Kempten Abbey and the Trauchburg rule (lost)
  • 1624 Land table of the lordship of Waldsee and the Haistergau Forest (copy by Johann Rudolf Mohr: Waldsee Castle)
  • 1625 Country table or view of two castles of the Prince-Bishop of Constance (lost)
  • 1626 View of Waldburg Castle and Village (Wolfegg Castle)
  • 1626–1629 Land table of the high and low jurisdiction of Lindau (lost)
  • 1628 View of Wolfegg Castle (Wolfegg Castle)
  • 1628 plans of Äschach, Schönau and Oberreitnau (lost)
  • 1628 plan by Rickenbach near Lindau (government archive of the state of Tyrol in Innsbruck)

literature

  • Georges Grosjean: History of Cartography , Geographical Institute of the University of Bern, Bern 1996, ISBN 3-906151-15-8
  • Alfred Egerer: The land tables of Wangen im Allgäu and Lindau (Bodensee) from the time of the Thirty Years' War by Johann Andreas Rauch: Reproduction of old maps, explanations , ed. from the Land Survey Office Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 1989
  • Ruthardt Oehme: The history of the cartography of the German southwest: With 16 color plates and 42 black and white maps , Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Konstanz and Stuttgart 1961

Web links

Commons : Johann Andreas Rauch  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Ruthardt Oehme: The history of the cartography of the German Southwest (1961), page 94
  2. ↑ Georges Grosjean: History of Cartography (1996), p. 82
  3. ↑ This tablet has been lost. Today there is only one re-engraving in copper after Johann Andrea Rauhen Malern von Wangen from 1643 by the Ravensburg cartographer Johann Morell (1604–1672).
  4. ↑ The copper engraving of the Lindau country table (1647) by Morell in the Bavarian State Library
personal data
SURNAME Rauch, Johann Andreas
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rauch, Johannes Andreas; Smoking, Johann Andreas; Smoking, Johannes Andreas; Rauhen, Johann Andreas; Rauhen, Johannes Andreas; Rauh, Johann Andreas; Rauh, Johannes Andreas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter and cartographer
DATE OF BIRTH 1575
PLACE OF BIRTH Bregenz
DATE OF DEATH around 1632
Place of death Austria