Johann Friedrich Stengel

Anonymous portrait by Johann Friedrich Stengel

Johann Friedrich Stengel , from 1776 Fyodor Fjodorowitsch Stengel (born August 5, 1746 in Saarbrücken , † approx. 1830 in St. Petersburg ) was a German architect and Imperial Russian court architect .

Life

Johann Friedrich Stengel was born in 1746 as the first son of the architect and Nassau-Saarbrücker building director Friedrich Joachim Stengel . His younger brother was the architect Balthasar Wilhelm Stengel .

Nothing is known about his school and professional training; training as an architect by his father between 1764 and 1769 is considered likely. Around 1769 he entered the service of the Counts of Nassau-Saarbrücken as a builder and worked under his father. He was mainly a construction manager for repair work and new buildings based on a design by his father. For example, he worked on Ludwigsberg Castle, the Ludwigskirche , the houses on Ludwigsplatz in Saarbrücken, was the site manager at the Protestant church in Jugenheim in Rheinhessen , the Protestant church in Berg in Alsace and the Protestant rectory in Heusweiler . He also supervised the repair work on various stately buildings in the County of Saar Werden , such as Lorentzen Castle .

In 1774 his first own design was implemented: the new building of the Protestant church in Niederlinxweiler . In the same year, however, he received his resignation. It is not known whether he was fired or resigned himself. In January 1776, Stengel began his service with Catherine II in Russia as the Imperial Russian court architect in Tver . Henceforth he called himself Fyodor Fyodorowitsch Stengel where he was. After a devastating fire in 1763, Tver was rebuilt based on Western European models. Social buildings, a castle for the Tsarina and, between 1777 and 1783, a castle for the Metropolitan in Trechswatskoje were built according to Stengel's designs and under his direction . He also built the government palace from 1778 to 1783.

In March 1784, Stengel moved with his family to St. Petersburg and ran a bronze factory that belonged to the construction works of St. Isaac's Cathedral , but also took on private and government contracts. At the same time, Stengel also worked as an architect and took over repair work on the tsar's palaces. After the coronation of Paul I in 1796, the bronze factory closed. Stengel took over the management of the reorganization of the planning chamber of the Tsarist building office, the holdings of which mainly concerned the Tsar's palaces in and around St. Petersburg. After Tsar Alexander I took office , Stengel asked for a new job as an architect, which, however, went unanswered. Stengel then worked as a bank architect in the loan bank in St. Petersburg, where he died around 1830.

Works

• 1769–1771: Construction management for the construction of the Evangelical Church in Jugenheim in Rheinhessen
• 1770: Repair of the Saar Bridge between Herbitzheim and Keskastel
• 1770: Construction of the Ludwig Church in Saarbrücken
• 1770–1773 construction management for the construction of the Evangelical Church in Berg
• 1771: Restoration of Lorentzen Castle
• 1771: Renewal of the spire of the Catholic parish church St. Michael in Püttlingen
• 1774: Design of a coal shed near Rußhütte (Saarbrücken)
• 1774: Construction management for the construction of the Protestant rectory in Heusweiler
• 1774: Design for the Evangelical Church in Niederlinxweiler , executed by JHJ von Waldner
• 1764–1767: Construction of the Empress's palace in Tver
• 1776–1784: Design of residential houses in Tver on the Volga
• 1777–1781: Construction of a retirement home, a workhouse and other social buildings in Tver
• 1777–1783: Construction of a palace for the Metropolitan in Trechswatskoje
• 1778–1783: Construction of the government building
• 1779–1785 construction of a hospital

Awards and honors

• 1782: Appointment to honorary council
• 1793: Appointment to the court councilor
• 1799: Appointment to the council of the colleges
• 1807: Appointment to the Council of State

literature

• Karl Lohmeyer : Johann Friedrich Stengel . In: Ulrich Thieme, Felix Becker: General encyclopedia of visual artists from antiquity to the present . Volume 31, Seemann, Leipzig, 1937, p. 590
• Svetlana W. Kazakowa: Activity of the architect Fyodor Fyodorowitsch Stengel in St. Petersburg . In: Werkarchiv 2000 , Moscow 2001, pp. 178–193 (Russian)
• Georgi K. Smirnov: The governorate architect of Tver, Fyodor Fyodorowitsch Stengel . In: Werkarchiv 2000 . Moscow, 2001, pp. 128–177 (Russian)
• Hans-Christoph Dittscheid, Klaus Güthlein (ed.): The Stengel family of architects. Friedrich Joachim (1694–1787), Johann Friedrich (Fjodor Fjodorowitsch, 1746–1830?), Balthasar Wilhelm (1748–1824). Petersberg, 2005, pp. 191-209, pp. 175-189, pp. 211-215
• Manfred Reinert: The baroque master builders of the Saar region between 1648 and 1789 . Your works and clients. Alsweiler, 2011, p. 125

Web links

• Johann Friedrich Stengel in the Saar lexicon of artists
• Johann Friedrich Stengel at saarland-biografien.de