Johann Heinrich Heubel

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Johann Heinrich Heubel (born July 25, 1694 in Magdeburg ; buried December 6, 1758 in Hamburg ) was a lawyer and researcher for literary and religious history during the early enlightenment of the 18th century.

Life

Youth and education

Johann Heinrich Heubel (JHH) was the first of 7 children of the merchant and trader Heinrich Michael Heubel (1665–1736) from Plaue / Havel and his wife Maria Elisabeth Gründel (1670–1732). The house where he was born in Magdeburg was number 10 on the market.

After the parents moved from Magdeburg to Zerbst in 1712, JHH studied law in Wittenberg. There you can find the matriculation entry from May 12, 1713. As a student in Wittenberg, he gave the “2. Part of the biographies of famous men ”(Ado. Clarmunds 4 volumes in 12 parts, Wittenberg 1704–1714). JHH then dealt a lot with history, especially the history of literature.

At the Holstein-Gottorf court

He lived in Hamburg in 1717 and was the educator and teacher of the children of the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and Protestant Prince-Bishop of the Lübeck Monastery, Christian August (1673–1726) with residence in the Eutin Castle.

These children, whom JHH raised and later accompanied on trips, also included:

  • Adolf Friedrich (1710–1771), King of Sweden since 1751 and successor to Charles XII, whose biography was translated by JHH
  • Friedrich August (1711–1785), Duke of Oldenburg, he was godfather of JHH's son in 1745
  • Johanna Elisabeth (1712–1760), mother of Catherine II of Russia. Her husband Christian August also became his son's godfather in 1745.
  • Georg Ludwig (1719–1763), later married to Sophie Charlotte of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1722–1763). She was also godmother of JHH's son in 1745.

In 1719 Heubel dealt with German studies on Gothic and medieval language history and on February 12, 1721 became a foreign member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences (today: Berlin-Brandenburg). He succeeded his member colleagues Johann Albert Fabricius and Mathurin Veyssière de LaCroze (member since 1701), Johann Christoph Wolf (since 1712) and Johann Georg Wachter (member since 1720), all of whom seem to have had a significant influence on his later work.

The professorship in Kiel

Order

In 1723 JHH was appointed holstein-gottorf historiographer and soon afterwards professor of law in Kiel. But even before his spectacular inaugural speech, there had been considerable quarrels and intrigues among lecturers in the law school since 1720. Heubel, a specialist in natural and international law and particularly skilled in the historical sciences, as well as his colleague and close friend, joined Prof. Franz Ernst Vogt, who had been the sole representative of the faculty since 1713 and had particular knowledge of Schleswig-Holstein's private and procedural law Peter Friedrich Arpe (1682–1740), philosophically trained and educated in the field of patriotic law and local legal history. These three people: Vogt, Heubel and Arpe worked closely together professionally in the sense of Thomasius , were liberally oriented towards German law and also understood each other personally.

Their opponent was Prof. Stephan Christoph von Harpprecht from Tübingen, who specialized in Roman law and particular law . Thanks to his astuteness and quick-wittedness in the discussion, the princely central administration hoped for the position of professor primarius in his person. The question of the importance to be attached to the old German rights (Schwabenspiegel, Sachsenspiegel and Alemannic feudal law) in comparison to the Roman law represented by Harpprecht for the assessment of disputes was particularly hotly debated among the opponents.

The fierce controversy between the two academic camps with taunts, ridiculous poems and mutual abuse led to an intolerable climate within the law faculty of the University of Kiel. Surprisingly, as Count Henning Friedrich von Bassewitz reported to the Duke, there was only one judicial “disputation” requested by Harpprecht against Vogt (to his embarrassment).

In his inaugural address on April 14, 1723, Heubel made himself very unpopular with Oratio auspicalis de pedantismo juridico before the law faculty of Christian-Albrecht University in Kiel. In it he turned against Harpprecht, who was described as a pedant and Legulejus, without naming him. For his speech, Heubel also had satirical cantatas performed by Georg Philipp Telemann, which was composed by the Hamburg lawyer Christian Friedrich Weichmann . The cantatas were peppered with a lot of rudeness and performed with a great sense of satire and scenic performance. In a cantata the repeated refrain was always:

No more foolishness
no folly rages so much
than that in scholars.

Deposition

Because of his speech and the offensive cantatas, Heubel was asked by the sovereign to revoke the content of the cantata and the offensive passages contained in the inaugural address. When he raised objections and published a legal creed of July 25, 1723, which in view of the extremely tense situation only deepened the differences, Heubel received the decree of deposition. Vogt and Arpe continued the dispute, which the Gottorfer Hof resented them. It tells of a staged funeral procession in the longest summer days of 1724, with burning lanterns and wax torches , at which the teaching of the university is buried. Arpe carries his book Theatrum fati , Heubel his speech De pedantismo Juridico and Vogt his last disputation. On October 2, 1724, the duke also decreed the removal of Arpe and Vogt. After his dismissal, Arpe seems to have only occasionally received fees from smaller positions as legation counselor at the court. He changed positions several times and tried to sell parts of his 100-volume work Cimbria illustrata on the history of Schleswig-Holstein. Volume 39 of this mostly anonymously edited collection deals with academic adventures in Kiel from 1720-1725 . There Arpe reports in Chapter XXV about the solemn departure from the Kiel Academy as a satirical allegorical funeral procession .

Bibliotheca vulcani and other clandestine writings

After Heubel left the law school, the traces he left behind became less clear. JHH was appointed court counselor and later the Schleswig-Holstein judiciary. The timing of his appointments is not known.

As early as 1720 he announced the publication of a book Bibliotheca Germaniae historica in Leipzig , which was probably never edited. He wanted to include German works in it, including the unpublished and prohibited works. During the early enlightenment of the 18th century, there were numerous authors and collectors who specialized in writings critical of religion and forbidden.

This also included Johann Lorenz Mosheim , a friend of Heubel and von Arpe. Heubel wanted to write a history of the burned books, as complete a description as possible of the contents of publicly burned books, of their authors and the circumstances of the indexing and he wanted to call himself Brenno Vulcanius Heyseise , because his dangerous project was indeed a hot topic . His work was to be titled Bibliotheca Vulcanius and published in French, probably in Holland. Mosheim had previously planned a similar project, but had to give it up after he became a theologian.

Whenever he could, Heubel used his travels as a companion to princely embassies to visit libraries abroad and to research clandestine texts. In his diplomatic activities he accompanied Count von Bassewitz to the international law congress in Soissant and Paris in the spring of 1727, where he met with Bernard de LaMonnoye, who had received his doctorate on Le livre des trois Imposteurs . There in Paris he searched secret archives, police and trial files and came across forbidden and confiscated written material. He also looked for the case files of the Lucilio Vanini case for his friend Arpe . The extensive handwritten inventory of names and titles of burned authors and their writings found in Rostock, which Arpe published in his Cimbria illustrata under Author: Brenno Vulcanius Heyseihse / Joannes Henricus Heubelius , was probably sent to Arpe by letter from Heubel in Paris in 1728. This list ends with works from 1728.

After his return from Paris in early August 1729, JHH immediately contacted Johann Christoph Wolf again in order to continue working on his project. Wolf, 11 years older than Heubel, had an extensive private library, including prohibited texts, which he expanded in 1731 by purchasing the library from Zacharias Conrad von Uffenbach , who also dealt with clandestine works. Wolf copied Heubel's lists, added a few of his own, and published them. This secret list can also be found in an edition of La vie de Spinoza printed in Holland in 1735 , but prepared in Hamburg by Arpe and Heubel. To justify this, Mulsow points out that a second appendix is ​​attached to this work, which is identical to the list of the Bibliothèque de Vulcain compiled by Heubel in Paris .

So far, the big question remains, why the results of Heubel's research have disappeared to this day.

The last few years in Hamburg

From 1733 he lived in Hamburg again as a private person without public offices (at the age of only 39 years!). His illegitimate daughter Henrietta Elisabeth was born on May 24, 1740, and their daughter Sophia Amalia was born soon after on June 18, 1741. Subsequently, around 1742, he married Ulrica Eleonora Franziska Elisabeth Grünert. Soon after, on June 19, 1743, their daughter Henrietta Friederika was born. JHH lived at the horse market in 1743. There, however, he was considered a stranger . In 1745 he lived in Hamburg “An der Koppel”. The first son August Heinrich was born there on May 2, 1745 and baptized at home on May 6, 1745. Due to his long-term close relationship with the ducal house of Schleswig-Holstein, the godparents included:

  • Friedrich August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (1711–1785), later Duke of Oldenburg
  • Christian August, Duke of Anhalt-Zerbst (1690–1747), husband of Johanna Elisabeth and father of Catherine II of Russia.
  • Sophia Charlotte, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (1722–1763). She was the wife of Duke Georg Ludwig and thus Friedrich August's sister-in-law.

In the same year 1745 JHH finished part I of his German translation Life of Charles XII, King of Sweden . Parts II and III followed in 1746 and 1751. This large work ( with coins and coppers ) was Swedish by Dr. Ge. Andr. Nordberg written and printed by Trausold in 3 mighty pigskin foils. JHH dedicated its German translation to his former pupil Adolf Friedrich (1710–1771), who later became King of Sweden. JHH mentioned his own name and added many comments to the translation.

The second son, Carl Heinrich, was born at An der Koppel and was baptized St. Georg on January 12, 1748.

On July 13, 1756, his wife Ulrica Eleonora Francisca Elisabeth, b. Buried Grünert. JHH survived her by two and a half years and was buried in Hamburg on December 6, 1758.

literature

  • Lexicon of Hamburg writers up to the present, Dr. Hans Schröder, Vol. 3, Hamburg 1857, No. 1591. [1]
  • Martin Mulsow: A handwritten collection on the history of Schleswig-Holstein from the early 18th century. In the journal of the Society for Schleswig-Holstein History 1995, Volume 120, pp. 201–206.
  • Joh.Anselm Steiger : 500 years of theology in Hamburg, 2005, pp. 102-105.
  • Martin Mulsow: Bibliotheca Vulcani. The project of a history of the burned books with Johann Lorenz Mosheim and Johann Heinrich Heubel, communications from the German Society for Research in the Eighteenth Century, Wolfenbüttel 1994.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lexicon of Hamburg writers up to the present, Dr. Hans Schröder, Vol. 3, Hamburg 1857, No. 1591.
  2. ^ Martin Mulsow: Bibliotheca Vulcani. The project of a history of burned books by Johann Lorenz Mosheim and Johann Heinrich Heubel, communications of the German Society for Research in the Eighteenth Century, Wolfenbüttel 1994, p. 61.
  3. ↑ Membership (s): . BERLIN-BRANDENBURG ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
  4. ^ E. Döring, History of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel 1665–1965, Volume 3: History of the Faculty of Law, Neumünster 1965, pp. 37–43.
  5. ^ Emil Julius Hugo Steffenhagen:  Arpe, Peter Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 608 f.
  6. ^ Bassewitz, Henning Friedrich Graf von . In: East German Biography (Kulturportal West-Ost)
  7. ^ Julius August Wagenmann:  Mosheim, Johann Lorenz . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1885, pp. 395-399.
  8. ↑ Joh. Anselm Steiger: 500 years of theology in Hamburg, 2005, pp. 102-105.
  9. ^ Rudolf Jung:  Uffenbach, Zacharias Konrad von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 39, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1895, pp. 135-137.
  10. ↑ Baptismal register of the Trinity Church of St. George, Pag. 394, No. 67.
  11. ↑ Burial register Trinity Church of St. George.
personal data
SURNAME Heubel, Johann Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer and researcher for literary and religious history
DATE OF BIRTH July 25, 1694
PLACE OF BIRTH Magdeburg
DATE OF DEATH buried December 6, 1758
Place of death Hamburg