Johann Heinrich Rosenplänter
Johann Heinrich Rosenplänter (* July 12 . Jul / 23. July 1782 greg. In Wolmar ; † April 15 jul. / 27. April 1846 greg. In Pärnu ) was a Baltic German writer and linguist. He was one of the pioneers in the scientific study of the Estonian language .
Pastor
Johann Heinrich Rosenplänter was the first son of the post Commissioner of stationing born Wolmar. He attended high school in Tallinn and the cathedral school in Riga . In 1806 he completed his studies in theology at the University of Dorpat . 1808/1809 he worked as a Lutheran pastor in Torgel . From 1809 until his death he headed the Estonian St. Elisabeth Congregation in Pernau. He is buried in the local cemetery.
"Contributions to a more detailed knowledge of the Estonian language"
Rosenplänter was probably the most important editor, collector and researcher of Estonian-language writings of his time. His activities paved the way for an academic study of the Estonian language and the formation of an Estonian nation. He thus worked in the spirit of Johann Gottfried Herder and the Enlightenment .
Above all, the journal Contributions to the Exact Knowledge of the Estonian Language , which he published between 1813 and 1832, represents the first scientific study of the Estonian language. Almost all the important German-Baltic and Finnish Estophiles of the time were involved, as well as a few Estonians ( Kristjan Jaak Peterson , Otto Wilhelm Masing ).
The works on the Estonian language, literature and folk poetry published in the magazine are considered groundbreaking. In addition, important Estonian-language literary texts (vocabulary, folk poetry, poetry , letters and translations) were published in it. The contributions also formed the basis for later work on poetology , literary criticism and bibliographies.
Estophile
Rosenplänter wanted to be the first ever to publish a complete bibliography of Estonian-language books, a work that was later continued by the Estonian learned society ( Õpetatud Eesti Seltsis, ÕES) .
In addition, Johann Heinrich Rosenplänter collected Estonian manuscripts. Thanks to his notes, the poems of Kristjan Jaak Peterson and Gustav Adolph Oldekop have been passed down to posterity, which were almost completely unknown at the time. In 1814 Rosenplänter published the first Estonian anthology of poetry under the title Lillikessed .
Rosenplänter also advocated the thesis that all Baltic Germans in Estonia should learn the Estonian language and called for Estonian lessons at grammar schools - radical demands for the time.
reception
Johann Heinrich Rosenplänter appears as a literary figure in the novel "Der Verrückte des Zaren" by the Estonian author Jaan Kross .
literature
- Carola L. Gottzmann , Petra Hörner: Lexicon of the German-language literature of the Baltic States and St. Petersburg . De Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-019338-1 , p. 1088 f .
Web links
- Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Johann Heinrich Rosenplänter. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
- Detailed biography (Estonian)
- Preface to the first issue of the articles (German)
- Album academicum of the Imperial University of Dorpat , Dorpat 1889
Remarks
- ↑ In Livonia and Estonia in the 19th century, a post commissioner was a director or leaseholder of a horse post station employed by the knighthood. See also the corresponding entry in the Baltic Legal Dictionary of the Baltic Historical Commission .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Rosenplänter, Johann Heinrich |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Estonian clergyman, linguist and man of letters |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 23, 1782 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Wolmar |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 27, 1846 |
| Place of death | Pernau |