Johannes Martinus Burgers
Johannes Martinus Burgers , nicknamed "Jan", (born January 13, 1895 in Arnhem , Netherlands; † June 7, 1981 in Washington, DC , USA) was a Dutch physicist. He was the brother of the physicist and crystallographer Willie Gerard Burgers .
His main areas of work were fluid mechanics , solid state mechanics , continuum mechanics and material theory . In Burgers go from the applied mathematics , the Burgers' equation , the and the associated Burgers turbulence models of fluid mechanics back; Furthermore, we owe the Burgers vector for the theory of dislocations and the Burgers material for the theory of viscoelasticity .
Life
First he studied physics in Leiden under the guidance of Paul Ehrenfest . Burger's answer to a price question from Teylers Stichting led to his being hired in January 1918 as a "Conservator" in the physical laboratory of Teylers Museum . There he worked with the “curator” Hendrik Antoon Lorentz , but was appointed professor at the Technical University of Delft in October . He was then 23 years old. After this appointment, he did his doctorate at Ehrenfest in November 1918, submitting the answer to the question as a doctoral thesis. In Delft he had the opportunity to teach and to devote himself extensively to research. In 1939 Burgers did a fundamental work on the theory of slip plane dislocations in crystalline solids . The vector that occurs therein and describes the relocation process is called the Burgers vector after him .
In 1946 he was a co-founder of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM), of which he became the first general secretary. He held this office from 1946 to 1952.
In 1955, Burgers emigrated to the United States, where he accepted a post at the University of Maryland , which he filled until his retirement. In 1956 he became a Fellow of the American Physical Society . In 1959 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .
In 1974 he was awarded the Otto Laporte Prize .
Works and writings
- Some considerations on the fields of stress connected with dislocations in a regular crystal lattice. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeling Natuurkunde: Proceedings of the Section of Sciences, ISSN 0370-0348 , Vol. 42, 1939, pp. 293-325, 378-399.
- Mathematical examples illustrating relations occurring in the theory of turbulent fluid motion. Negotiations of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde, series 1, ISSN 0373-4668 , Vol. 17, H. 2, 1939, pp. 1-53
Published post mortem
- FTM Nieuwstadt, JA Steketee (Editor): Selected Papers of JM Burgers. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 1995, ISBN 0-7923-3265-2
Web links
- Dutch biography ( memento of July 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- Johannes Martinus Burgers papers. University of Maryland: University Libraries, Digital Collections, accessed December 19, 2015 (with a biography).
Individual evidence
- ↑ KM Case, SC Chiu, Burgers' turbulence models. Physics of Fluids, ISSN 0031-9171 , Vol. 12, 1969, pp. 1799-1808
See also
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Burgers, Johannes Martinus |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Burgers, Jan |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Dutch physicist for fluid mechanics, continuum mechanics and material theory |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 13, 1895 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Arnhem , the Netherlands |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 7th 1981 |
| Place of death | Washington, DC , USA |