John Whitaker Hulke

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John Whitaker Hulke

John Whitaker Hulke FRCS FRS FGS (born November 6, 1830 in Deal , † February 19, 1895 in London ) was a British surgeon and geologist. He collected fossils on the Isle of Wight for many years . His work in the field of vertebrate paleontology included studies of Iguanodon and Hypsilophodon des Wealden ( Lower Cretaceous ). He was President of the Geological Society of London from 1882 to 1884 , which awarded him its Wollaston Medal in 1887 . He became President of the Pathological Society of London in 1883 and was President of the Royal College of Surgeons of England from 1893 until his death .

Life

Hulke was the son of a doctor in Deal . During part of his school days he attended boarding school in England, the other part he spent in a school run by the Moravian Brethren in Neuwied (1843–1845), where he learned fluent German and developed an interest in geology because of frequent trips to the Eifel . On his return to England he went to King's College School , and three years later began his hospital work. He acquired membership of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1852. Hulke worked with Thomas Henry Huxley at the Royal College of Surgeons . He got along well with the avowed and uncompromising atheist Huxley, although contemporaries said that Hulke had a rather unyielding belief due to his Dutch Protestant origins and Calvinist inclinations. He volunteered for the Crimean War . He became an assistant surgeon in Smyrna in 1855 and later at the siege of Sevastopol . Upon his return, he became a medical instructor in his old hospital, was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1857 and was appointed assistant surgeon at the Royal Ophthalmic Hospital, Moorfields in 1857 and surgeon from 1868 to 1890. In 1870 he became a surgeon at Middlesex Hospital . From now on he devoted all of his free time to geology and above all to fossil vertebrates.

Act

In 1861 Hulke was the first to describe the so-called oculodermal melanosis , a bluish hyperpigmentation of the face. Hulkes performed much of his medically important work at Middlesex Hospital. His reputation as a skilled surgeon was widespread: he was at home in all areas of surgery, but he made particular merits as an ophthalmologist . As a geologist, he gained a European reputation, primarily due to his comparative work in the field of the eyes of reptiles and those of humans. He described many of the Isle of Wight dinosaur fossils and had access to one of the best collections of his time: that of the Reverend W. Fox of the Isle of Wight. Hulke found a complete Iguanodon skull in 1869 and offered it to Huxley for scientific description. Huxley was too busy, but he helped Hulke prepare and describe the find. Hulke published a number of articles on vertebrate skulls in the Geological Society's Quarterly Journal . In 1887, Hulke received the Geological Society's Wollaston Medal. He was President of both the Geological Society and the Pathological Society in 1883, and President of the Royal College of Surgeons of England from 1893 until his death. In total, he published more than 50 scientific papers, including 28 on dinosaurs. After his death, his collection was donated to the Natural History Museum .

literature

  • Hulke, John Whitaker . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. tape 13 : Harmony - Hurstmonceaux . London 1910, p. 869 (English, full text [ Wikisource ]).
  • Hulke, John Whitaker. In: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society , 52, 1896

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Adrian Desmond: Archetypes and ancestors . Muller, London 1982, p. 134-135 .
  2. ↑ John Whittaker Hulke . In: The Lancet , 1895, pp. 510-511.
  3. ↑ medscape.com
  4. ↑ Note on a large reptilian skull from Brooke, Isle of Wight, probably Dinosaurian, referable to the genus Iguanodon . In: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society . tape 27 , 1871, p. 199-206 .
  5. ↑ Note on two skulls from the Wealdon and Purbeck formations, indicating a new sub-group of Crocodilia . In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society . tape 34 , 1878, pp. 377-382 .
  6. ^ An attempt at a complete osteology of Hypsilophodon foxii : a British Wealden dinosaur . tape 173 , 1882, pp. 1035-1062 .
personal data
SURNAME Hulke, John Whitaker
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British surgeon, geologist and fossil collector
DATE OF BIRTH November 6, 1830
PLACE OF BIRTH deal
DATE OF DEATH February 19, 1895
Place of death London