Jordanita subsolana
| Jordanita subsolana | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Jordanita subsolana | ||||||||||||
| ( Staudinger , 1862) |
Jordanita subsolana is a butterfly fromthe ram family (Zygaenidae).
features
The moths reach a forewing length of 12.0 to 16.0 millimeters in the males and 9.0 to 12.5 millimeters in the females. The head, thorax and abdomen are brownish black and have a bluish or dark green tinge. The males' pointed antennae are long, slender and heavily combed. They consist of 39 to 46 segments. The antennae of the females are strongly serrated. The color of the upper side of the forewing ranges from yellowish green to bluish black to a dark gray-brown. The shimmer is faint and is occasionally absent. The upper side of the hind wings is light to dark gray. The undersides of the wings are light to dark gray and have little or no shiny scales .
In the males, the aedeagus is five to six times as long as it is wide. He wears three large Conuti, two of which are comma-shaped and one is straight. Occasionally there may be a fourth small and straight conutus.
In females, the prebursa is bottle-shaped and heavily sclerotized . It has distal processes .
The egg is squat egg-shaped. It's white and shimmers green.
The caterpillar is greenish white, has a dark brown back line and a light brown side back line. The integument is provided with small black dots and spikes. The warts are light brown and have 15 to 20 white bristles. The basal ring and the bristle tips are black.
The doll is light brown. The loosely spun cocoon is dark brown.
Similar species
Jordanita subsolana is very variable in terms of size and color. The species can therefore be confused with almost all Jordanita species of the Western Palearctic , which have pointed antennae and a similar wing shape and size. An unambiguous determination is only possible through a genital examination .
distribution
The distribution area of J. subsolana extends from southern Spain through the southern part of Central Europe , Italy, the Balkan Peninsula and Greece to southern Russia and the Ukraine , Turkey and Transcaucasia to the Altai . The species is absent on the British Isles. Dry, open bush and grasslands are populated . On the Crimean peninsula , it also appears in moist biotopes . The species is thought to be lost in western Austria.
biology
Geographically different populations live more or less monophagous on different forage plants. These include species of thistle whose leaf undersides are downy or woolly. The species was found on Carduncellus monospeliensium in Spain . French, Italian, Swiss and southern Austrian populations live on the woolly thistle ( Cirsium eriophorum ). In Germany , the caterpillars develop on the golden thistle ( Carlina vulgaris ), while they live on Echinops spaherocephalus in eastern Austria , the Czech Republic , Slovakia and Hungary . It is possible that other species of thistle may be considered as the biology of the eastern and southeastern populations is unknown.
The females lay the eggs one by one in the fur felt on the underside of the leaf. The eggs are difficult to find there because of their color. The caterpillars hatch after 12 to 13 days at room temperature. Newly hatched caterpillars are greenish white, have a dark brown head and light brown thoracic legs. The back and side back lines are only weakly indicated. The L 1 stage mines on the underside of the leaf, where only the parenchyma is eaten. The resulting mines are almost circular and can hardly be seen because the droppings are deposited in the plant wool. In the L 2 stage, the palisade parenchyma is also eaten. The resulting mines are white and elongated. The feeding pattern of the L 3 stage is characteristic, so that an infestation of the plant is easily recognizable. The L 3 caterpillars overwinter close to the ground in a hibernarium loosely spun from litter . After overwintering (L 4 ), the caterpillar eats the leaves. Later stages feed on the heart of the plant. The adult caterpillars dig into the root of the plant and from there into the ground, where they pupate in a dark brown cocoon. The moths were only rarely seen visiting flowers. They fly in Central Europe from late June to early August and in southern regions from May to July. The flight time depends on altitude and habitat .
Systematics
J. subsolana was recently transferred from the subgenus Lucasiterna to the subgenus Rjabovia .
Hazard and protection
In Germany , J. subsolana is classified in Category 2 (“critically endangered”) on the Red List of Threatened Species .
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Otto Staudinger: The species of the lepidopteran genus "Ino Leach" with some preliminary remarks on local varieties. In: Entomological Newspaper. 23, Stettin 1862, pp. 341-359. PDF
- ↑ a b c d e C. M. Naumann, WG Tremewan: The Western Palaearctic Zygaenidae . 1st edition. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 1999, ISBN 87-88757-15-3 , pp. 131 (English).
- ↑ Eyjolf Aistleitner, Die Widderchen or Blood drops of Vorarlberg, Austria occ. (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae) , journal of the Österr. Entomologists, 42nd year, 1990
- ↑ a b Gerhard Tarmann: On the biology and breeding of Procris (Lucasiterna) subsolana (STAUDINGER 1862) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae). In: Journal of the Association of Austrian Entomologists. 31: 81-91 (1980).
- ↑ Jordanita subsolana in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved April 4, 2011
- ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany . Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9 , p. 99 .
literature
- CM Naumann, WG Tremewan: The Western Palaearctic Zygaenidae . 1st edition. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 1999, ISBN 87-88757-15-3 (English).
Web links
- Jordanita subsolana at Fauna Europaea