Golden thistle
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Golden thistle ( Carlina vulgaris ) |
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The golden thistle ( Carlina vulgaris ), also known as the common Eberwurz or Kleine Eberwurz , is a species of the genus Eberwurzen ( Carlina ) in the Asteraceae family.
Description and ecology
Vegetative characteristics
The golden thistle is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 15 to 60 centimeters. The leaves are pinnately lobed to pinnate and toothed spiky.
Generative characteristics
The flowering time is in the middle of summer. A stem can develop several (one to three) cup-shaped inflorescences. In contrast to the silver thistle , its inflorescences are much smaller (about 1.5 to 2.5 cm). The membranous bracts are shiny golden yellow (hence the common name gold thistle). There are many tubular flowers in each flower head . The dry-skinned bracts have already died during flowering and remain on the plant permanently. The golden thistle is one of the few plants that remain upright well into spring due to its stiff, scleromorphic (dehydration-tolerant) stem. The inner bracts react to humidity. In wet weather they curve upwards and protect the tubular flowers from rain. They spread again in dry weather and sunshine.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20.
Occurrence
The golden thistle is widespread in Europe and Asia (Russia). It thrives on dry, nutrient-poor grasslands , hills and mountain meadows, especially on limestone soil . Here it holds its own against fast-growing competitors. The golden thistle disappears, however, when the grasslands are mowed more often a year. The golden thistle thrives on warm summer, moderately dry, base-rich, more or less humus-rich, medium to deep clay and loam soils . It is a character species of the Mesobromion association, but also occurs in other plant communities of the Festuco-Brometea class or the Erico-Pinion or Violion associations. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in Bavaria on the Höfats up to an altitude of 1700 meters.
Common names
For the gold thistle there are or existed, in some cases only regionally, the other German-language trivial names : Dreidistel, Feldsafran, Satkraut, Schönhärle ( Silesia ), Sodkraut ( Württemberg ), Wilde Stichwurz ( East Prussia ) and Sewdistel.
literature
- Golden thistle. In: FloraWeb.de.
Individual evidence
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 959 .
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 628.
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 82. ( online ).
Web links
- Golden thistle . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Carlina vulgaris L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved June 9, 2016.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
