José María Castro Madriz
José María Castro Madriz (born September 1, 1818 in San José (Costa Rica) ; † April 4, 1892 ibid) was President of Costa Rica from 1847 to 1849 and from 1866 to 1868 .
Life
José María Castro Madriz was born to Lorenza Madriz y Cervantes and Ramón Castro y Ramírez.
Madriz married Pacífica Fernández Oreamuno, daughter of Manuel José Fernández Chacón , she sewed a red stripe of the Partido Liberal on the flag of the Central American Confederation , with which the colors of the tricolor were put together. In 1850, on a trip to France, Castro was decorated with a Legion of Honor .
Madriz holds a Bachelor of Philosophy and a Doctor of Law from the University of León (Nicaragua) .
He was a member of the Partido Liberal and an anti-clerical Freemason . His political career began in 1842 as Auditor de Guerra, member of a court martial under José Francisco Morazán Quezada .
From 1842 to 1844 Madriz was Ministro General and from April to July 1844 he was Interior and Foreign Minister in the government cabinet of José María Alfaro Zamora . From 1844 to 1846 he was a member of parliament, which he presided over, an office which was linked to the deputy of the Jefe de Estado José María Alfaro Zamora.
Presidency 1847–1849
In the April 1847 election, Madriz was elected for the 1847-1853 term. In 1848 September 15th was introduced as a public holiday.
During this term of office, diplomatic relations and trade agreements were established and concluded with several European countries. A Protectorado británico Costa Rica was negotiated with the British government of John Russell, 1st Earl Russell . The constitution of 1847 was rewritten into a Constitución reformada de 1848 and gave the president more power.
A low coffee price led to several attempts to overthrow his government. Fearing a coup by General José Manuel Quirós y Blanco, he gave up his presidency on November 15, 1849, to Miguel Mora Porras.
As ex-president he devoted himself to the administration of his property in San José. After the overthrow of Mora Porras, he was Foreign Minister in the government cabinet of José María Montealegre Fernández for a short time . He chaired the constituent assembly, which in 1859 issued a new constitution.
Corte Suprema
According to the constitution of 1859, the Corte Suprema de Justicia de Costa Rica, the Supreme Court, was composed of a president, five judges and a public prosecutor, who were elected by parliament for a four-year term. Costa Rican-born lawyers are appointed as six legally qualified assessors .
On April 24, 1860, the parliament appointed the members for the period of office 1860–1864, who were sworn in on April 29, 1860: Chairman: José María Castro Madriz; Judges: José Antonio Pinto Castro, Ramón Loría Vega, Vicente Sáenz Llorente, José Ana Herrera y Zeledón, José Rodríguez Zeledón, José María Ugalde and Alejandro Alvarado García; as public prosecutor: Camilo Esquivel Sáenz; Assessors: Rafael Ramírez Hidalgo, Juan Rafael Mata Lafuente, Félix Mata Lafuente, Alejo Jiménez, José Antonio Chamorro and Eustaquio Pérez.
In 1865, in his second term as President of the Corte Suprema de Justicia , he paid a visit to Bogotá as a representative of the government of Costa Rica and agreed with Teodoro Valenzuela, the representative of the Colombian government and the Tratado Castro-Valenzuela on the border between Costa Rica and Colombia.
On May 8, 1866, José María Castro Madriz resigned from his position as Chairman of the Supreme Court, since he had been elected President of the Republic and the Parliament appointed Magistrado Manuel Alvarado y Barroeta as his successor.
Presidency 1866–1868
In the April 1866 elections, he was elected President for the period from 1866 to 1869. During this term of office, a jetty was built in the Bahía de Limón , i.e. a seaport was opened. He signed a contract to set up a telegraph connection between Cartago and Puntarenas . In 1868 he opened the San José slaughterhouse . Jesús Jiménez Zamora had him overthrown on November 1, 1868, in a military coup .
Cortocircuito
By decree of October 18, 1870, President Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez unconstitutionally stipulated that the Corte Suprema de Justicia de Costa Rica would consist of a president, seven judges and a public prosecutor, who would be appointed and dismissed by him, i.e. the government. Guardia also let six of the Costa Rican-born attorneys sit in his court with legal understanding at the government's discretion.
The Corte Suprema de Justicia de Costa Rica selected by Guardia had the following members: Chairman: José María Castro Madriz; Judges: José Antonio Pinto Castro, Ramón Loría Vega, Vicente Sáenz Llorente, José Ana Herrera y Zeledón, José Rodríguez Zeledón, José María Ugalde and Alejandro Alvarado García; Public Prosecutor: Camilo Esquivel Sáenz; Assessors: Rafael Ramírez Hidalgo, Juan Rafael Mata Lafuente, Félix Mata Lafuente, Alejo Jiménez, José Antonio Chamorro and Eustaquio Pérez.
The constitution of 1871 stipulated that the right of parliament to appoint the members of the Corte Suprema de Justicia de Costa Rica for a term of four years.
On May 7, 1872, parliament appointed the members of the Corte Suprema de Justicia de Costa Rica for the term of office 1872–1876. This Supreme Court took office on May 8, 1872, its members were: Chairman: José María Castro Madriz; Judges: Vicente Sáenz Llorente, José Ana Herrera y Zeledón, José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledon, José María Ugalde, Alejandro Alvarado García; Juan José Ulloa Solares (resignation accepted on May 8, 1873), replaced by Camilo Esquivel Sáenz (from May 12, 1873), Salvador Jiménez Blanco; Public Prosecutor: Antonio Álvarez Hurtado; Assessors: Alejo Jiménez, Francisco Gallardo, Salvador Borbón, Adriano María Bonilla, Canuto Guerra and Eustaquio Pérez.
On November 16, 1882 he became a member of the Real Academia Española .
Foreign minister
José María Castro Madriz resigned from his position as Chairman of the Supreme Court on November 25, 1873 when he was appointed Foreign Minister. On December 1, 1873, he had to resign from this office.
From 1877 to 1882 he was foreign minister in the government cabinet of Tomás Guardia Gutierrez and from 1882 to 1885 he was foreign minister in the government cabinet of his brother-in-law Juan Primitivo Próspero Fernández Oreamuno , and implemented an anti-clerical policy.
He later served as the Agent for the Government of Costa Rica with the Governments of Central America.
Individual evidence
- ↑ The New York Times , February 15, 1865, PANAMA .; The Right of Transit Across the Isthmus ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Teodoro Valenzuela
- ↑ Clotilde María Obregón, Nuestros gobernantes: Verdades del pasado para comprender el futuro , Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica, 2002, 155 pp., P. 10.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
|
José María Alfaro Zamora, Jesús Jiménez Zamora |
Presidents of Costa Rica May 8, 1847 - November 15, 1849 May 8, 1866 - September 1, 1868 |
Juan Rafael Mora Porras Jesús Jiménez Zamora |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Castro Madriz, José María |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | President of Costa Rica |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 1, 1818 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | San José (Costa Rica) |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 4, 1892 |
| Place of death | San José (Costa Rica) |