Josef Tippelt

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Josef Tippelt (around 1930)

Josef Tippelt (born August 30, 1908 in Marschendorf , Bohemia ; † March 6, 1943 in Berlin-Plötzensee ) was a German-Bohemian teacher , committed Catholic , leading member of the Kolping Society and an active opponent of National Socialism . He was arrested immediately after the German annexation of the Sudetenland in October 1938, sentenced to death by the People's Court on October 22, 1942 , and hanged on March 6, 1943 in Plötzensee prison .

Life

Josef Tippelt, descendant of the “German Giant Mountains farmers ”, worked as a teacher at various German-speaking schools in North Bohemia after completing school and studying. He also mastered the Czech language and joined the German Christian Social People's Party , which affirmed the young Czechoslovak Republic and helped shape it from a Catholic perspective in alliance with Czech and Slovak-speaking parties.

Since his youth, Tippelt was a member of the Catholic Bohemian Journeyman's Association , the later Kolping Family. The Sudeten German Kolping Central Association was founded on September 4, 1926, primarily on the initiative of the eighteen-year-old. Tippelt became diocesan senior of the Diocesan Association of Königgrätz . In 1929 he composed the Kolping banner song "Auf, Gesellen, Frisch zum Streite", which was later sung a lot. In the same year he represented the Kolping Families of Czechoslovakia at the first central assembly of the Kolping Society in Cologne.

Even before the " seizure of power " in Germany, Tippelt warned against the National Socialist ideology, which was also echoed among the Sudeten Germans. After 1933, when the Kolping families in the realm of the DC circuit fell victim, he organized Kolping meeting in the Giant Mountains, also attended Silesian groups took part. Before the Czechoslovak elections in 1935 he spoke out against the Sudeten German Party and its goals. To Cardinal Innitzer , who in March 1938, together with other Austrian bishops , advocated the annexation of Austria and concluded the written declaration with the Hitler salute, he wrote a violent protest letter in which he referred to the closure and confiscation of the Austrian Kolping Houses.

This letter was intercepted by the Gestapo . Together with a denunciation from friends and acquaintances, it led to Josef Tippelt being arrested for the first time after the German invasion in October 1938 and then from December 9, 1938 until his execution in various prisons, including Hirschberg, Pilsen, Görlitz and finally Plötzensee, in Was held. What he was accused of was varied and diffuse and culminated in the accusation that he had “engaged in illegal activity” and “continued to undertake the same act from summer 1933 to September 1938 to betray state secrets”.

The People's Court trial was opened on October 20, 1942, took place in camera and with all parties involved in a confidentiality agreement and ended with the death sentence after just two days. In a shocking letter, his parents asked the “exalted Führer” for a pardon for their son; Josef Tippelt himself, however, "completely missed a feeling of remorse ..." and wanted "not to submit a petition for clemency". Relatives who were allowed to visit him shortly before the execution testified to Tippelt's deep composure. His last letter was a request to the Reich Minister of Justice not to cause any trouble for his brother-in-law, who was the public prosecutor in Prague.

Appreciation

The Catholic Church included Josef Tippelt as a witness of faith in the German martyrology of the 20th century .

literature

  • Helmut Moll (publisher on behalf of the German Bishops' Conference), witnesses for Christ. The German Martyrology of the 20th Century , 6th, expanded and restructured edition Paderborn u. a. 2015, ISBN 978-3-506-78080-5 , Volume I, pp. 866-867.
  • Otfrid Pustejovsky: Josef Tippelt - teacher and Kolping senior, concentration camp victim . In: Christian resistance against Nazi rule in the Bohemian countries , Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-8258-1703-9 , pp. 143-145
  • Otfrid Pustejovsky: Josef Tippelt - teacher and Kolping senior - Nazi opponent . Lecture at the symposium of the social work of the Ackermann community , Rohr Kloster, October 22, 2011 (unpublished manuscript)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In Christian Resistance (2009), Pustejovsky names March 4th as the execution date, but in his lecture on October 22nd, 2011, he corrects it to March 6th due to newly viewed documents from the Federal Archives in Berlin-Lichterfelde .
  2. ↑ Self-testimony in the course of the People's Court process, quoted by Pustejovsky (lecture)
  3. ↑ The job title Senior was in the Kolping Society in 1972 by Chairman replaced.
  4. ↑ Note ( Memento of the original from June 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on kolping.de  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kolping.de
  5. ^ Pustejovsky, lecture
  6. ↑ Indictment of June 13, 1942, quoted from Pustejovsky (lecture)
  7. ^ Report of the board of directors of the detention center to the senior Reich attorney on November 6, 1942, quoted from Pustejovsky (lecture)
  8. ↑ Original in the Federal Archives, lecture by Pustejovsky (lecture)
personal data
SURNAME Tippelt, Josef
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bohemian teacher, Kolping senior, Nazi opponent, martyr
DATE OF BIRTH August 30, 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH Marsh Village
DATE OF DEATH March 6, 1943
Place of death Berlin-Plötzensee